ArticleNature communications2024
The massed-spaced learning effect in non-neural human cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- All cells have the capacity to time.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2026Article
- Spacing effect improves generalization in biological and artificial systems.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Molecular pathways for learning in the single-cell Stentor coeruleus.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Reductionism in Engram Neuroscience.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Engineering Basal Cognition: Minimal Genetic Circuits for Habituation, Sensitization, and Massed-Spaced Learning.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Mind Everywhere: A Framework for Conceptualizing Goal-Directedness in Biology and Other Domains-Part One.Biological theory · 2026Article
- De-anthropomorphizing the mind: life as a cognitive spectrum in a unified framework for biological minds.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2026Article
- Consciousness emerges from temporal integration across biological scales: from cellular memory to phenomenological experience.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Article
- Can Mimosa pudica Plants Enumerate Light Exposure Events?Cognitive science · 2025Article
- Exploring the concept of bacterial memory.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- Emerging roles for integrated stress response signaling in homeostasis.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Redefining the Immunobiology of Organ Transplantation for New Clinical Horizons.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Mechanomemory after short episodes of intermittent stresses induces YAP translocation via increasing F-actin.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The massed-spaced effect is a hallmark feature of memory formation. We now demonstrate this effect in two separate non-neural, immortalized cell lines stably expressing a short-lived luciferase reporter controlled by a CREB-dependent promoter. We emulate training using repeated pulses of forskolin and/or phorbol ester, and, as a proxy for memory, measure luciferase expression at various points after training. Four spaced pulses of either agonist elicit stronger and more sustained luciferase expression than a single "massed" pulse. Spaced pulses also result in stronger and more sustained activation of molecular factors critical for memory formation, ERK and CREB, and inhibition of ERK or CREB blocks the massed-spaced effect. Our findings show that canonical features of memory do not necessarily depend on neural circuitry, but can be embedded in the dynamics of signaling cascades conserved across different cell types.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.