ArticleEnvironmental research2025
Nationwide analysis of air pollution hotspots across India: A spatiotemporal PM
Article in Environmental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionIndia experiences high levels of air pollution as measured by fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM
methodsWe conducted a geospatial analysis using Getis-Ord Gi statistics on gridded-annual levels of PM
resultsWe identified consistent hotspots in 9.9% followed by emerging hotspots in 2.6% of the country where 16% and 4.9% people live. In addition, we identified declining hotspots in 2.6% area with 3.4% of the population. Rajasthan had largest share of area identified as consistent hotspots while Uttar Pradesh had densely populated consistent hotspots. Maharashtra had both higher number of areas identified as emerging and declining hotspots. Among the largest cities, Kolkata had highest proportion of consistent hotspots. We identified 170 additional cities with either consistent or emerging hotspots beyond the non-attainment cities as defined by the National Clean Air Programme.
conclusionIndia continues to have large areas of consistent and emerging hotspots of air pollution where close to a fifth of India's population live. Identifying hotspots can inform strategic approach for targeted action in air quality management, appropriate resource allocation and a baseline for assessing intervention effectiveness and future programs and policies, including health.
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