Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39509416›Full record

SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2025

The Optimal Dosage and Duration of Metformin for Prevention and Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tzu-Rong Peng, Jou-An Chen, Jen-Ai Lee, Chih-Pin Hsing, Ming-Chia Lee, Shih-Ming Chen

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tzu-Rong PengDepartment of Pharmacy, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-0754-5682
Jou-An ChenSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Jen-Ai LeeSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Chih-Pin HsingGraduate Institute of Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan.
Ming-Chia LeeSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Shih-Ming ChenSchool of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWeight gain and metabolic complications are substantial adverse effects associated with second-generation antipsychotics. However, comprehensive guidelines for managing antipsychotic-induced weight gain are lacking.

methodsThis review included all double-blind, placebo-controlled studies investigating metformin's effectiveness in addressing antipsychotic-related weight gain. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant studies from the inception to 2024. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis.

resultsThis meta-analysis, including 20 studies with 1070 patients, revealed that metformin significantly surpassed placebo in attenuating weight gain in patients receiving antipsychotics. The mean weight change with metformin was -3.32 kg [95% confidence interval (CI): -4.57 to -2.07]. Additionally, metformin use resulted in a marked decrease in body mass index [-1.24 kg/m2 (95% CI: -1.70 to -0.77)]. Metformin could maintain the effects from 12 to 24 weeks.

conclusionsThis updated meta-analysis investigated the durations and dosages of metformin use in patients with schizophrenia experiencing antipsychotic-induced weight gain. The findings highlight the need for additional large-scale research to validate our findings.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminSchizophreniaWeight GainHumansAntipsychotic AgentsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminantipsychotic-induced weight gainmeta-analysismetformin

Identifiers

PMID39509416
PMCPMC12061649

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.