Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39508987›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2025

Microbial keratitis in north-western Spain: a review of risk factors, microbiological profile and resistance patterns.

David Lamas-Francis, Daniel Navarro, Raquel Mansilla, Victoria de-Rojas, Claudio Moreno, Enrique Dios, Jesús Rigueiro, Dolores Álvarez, Paloma Crego, Teresa Rodríguez-Ares and 1 more

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Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Emerging diagnostic modalities in microbial keratitis: Beyond culture and smear.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

David Lamas-FrancisDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Ramón Baltar s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain. david.lamas.francis@sergas.es.
Daniel NavarroDepartment of Microbiology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Raquel MansillaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Victoria de-RojasDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
Claudio MorenoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ourense, Ourense, Spain.
Enrique DiosDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.
Jesús RigueiroDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
Dolores ÁlvarezDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain.
Paloma CregoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Público da Mariña, Burela, Spain.
Teresa Rodríguez-AresDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Ramón Baltar s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
Rosario TouriñoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Ramón Baltar s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain. rosario.tourino.peralba@sergas.es.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo review the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and microbiological profiles of microbial keratitis cases, as well as the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in the region of Galicia, Spain.

methodsThis retrospective case series includes patients with culture-positive non-viral microbial keratitis between 2010 and 2020, treated at nine hospitals within the region of Galicia, North-West Spain. The standard protocol involved Gram staining for bacterial infections and calcofluor white staining for fungal or amoebal infections, identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or microscopy, and antimicrobial susceptibility interpreted according to EUCAST or CLSI guidelines.

results780 microorganisms were isolated from corneal scraping cultures from 654 patients. 36.9% resided in urban areas, and 63.1% in rural areas. Isolates were more frequently collected in spring and summer. The median time to corneal scraping was 0 days (IQR 0-2), and the median time to epithelialisation was 24.0 days (IQR 11-49). Most cases had a single corneal infiltrate (509 cases; 77.8%) and affected the stroma (432; 66.1%), with small (< 3 mm) epithelial defects (347; 53.1%). Significant risk factors included contact lens wear (24.2%) and exposure to organic matter (4.9%). The most frequent bacteria was CoNS (207; 26.4). Fungi (77; 9.9%) and amoebae (6; 0.8%) were less common. Steroid use and eyelid disease increased resistance in CoNS species. An increase in the percentage of MRSA (compared to MSSA) was detected over the study period (p = 0.045).

conclusionsIn Galicia (Spain), microbial keratitis was mostly attributed to CoNS. An increase in MRSA keratitis was observed. Analysis of risk factors may help in suspecting antibiotic resistance. Surveillance programs for detecting the development of antimicrobial resistance are necessary to provide treatment guidelines based on local data.

Indexed as

BacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialKeratitisAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnti-Bacterial AgentsFemaleFungiHumansMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibioticsCorneaKeratitisMicrobial keratitisResistance

Identifiers

PMID39508987

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.