Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39507088›Full record

ArticleSpatial cognition and computation2024

The influence of landmark visualization style on task performance, visual attention, and spatial learning in a real-world navigation task.

Armand Kapaj, Christopher Hilton, Sara Lanini-Maggi, Sara I Fabrikant

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Spatial cognition and computation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Contribution of Spatially Tuned Brain Cells to Human Navigation Performance.KN - journal of cartography and geographic information · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Armand KapajDepartment of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-7348
Christopher HiltonDepartment of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9386-6935
Sara Lanini-MaggiDepartment of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-9252
Sara I FabrikantDepartment of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-8792

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depicting landmarks on mobile maps is an increasingly popular countermeasure to the negative effect that navigation aids have on spatial learning - landmarks guide visual attention and facilitate map-to-environment information matching. However, the most effective method to visualize landmarks on mobile map aids remains an open question. We conducted a real-world navigation study outdoors to evaluate the influence of realistic vs. abstract 3D landmark visualization styles on wayfinders' navigation performance, visual attention, and spatial learning. While navigating with realistic landmarks, low-spatial-ability wayfinders focused more on the landmarks in the environment and demonstrated improved knowledge of directions between landmarks. Our findings emphasize the importance of visual realism when enriching navigation aids with landmarks to guide attention and enhance spatial learning for low-spatial-ability wayfinders.

Indexed as

landmark visualizationreal-world navigationspatial abilitiesspatial learningvisual attention

Identifiers

PMID39507088
PMCPMC11537298

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.