ArticleJournal of public health in Africa2024
The association of smoking and alcohol in colorectal cancer in black patients - Case-control study.
Article in Journal of public health in Africa, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Studies have focused on smoking and alcohol as risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Caucasians and other populations have been studied worldwide, and both smoking and alcohol have been validated as causes of CRC. However, there are limited data on the black population; studies that have been performed in Africa have not specifically focused on these two risk factors but rather in combination with other risks. Aim: To determine how smoking and alcohol affect the incidence of CRC in the African black population. Setting: Steve Biko Academic Hospital's gastrointestinal clinic. Methods: Subjects used for the study included black African patients above 18 years who had undergone a colonoscopy for suspected CRC between 2016 and 2018. Cases used were confirmed CRC on histology; controls were negative on histology. A minimum of 68 cases and 136 controls were needed for this study according to sample calculation. Hundred and ten cases and 220 controls were obtained in the final analysis. Data were collected between June 2019 and March 2020. Results: Smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.795, Conclusion: Both smoking and a combination of alcohol and smoking are significant risk factors in the development of CRC in the black African population. Contribution: Smoking, as in most population groups, is a risk factor for CRC. The observed protective role of alcohol needs to be confirmed in larger studies representing the African population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.