Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39506633›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2024

VBNC Cronobacter sakazakii survives in macrophages by resisting oxidative stress and evading recognition by macrophages.

Yuanyuan Liu, Jingfeng Zhang, Haoqing Zhao, Feifeng Zhong, Jianyu Li, Lichao Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. DecipheringMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  2. Field Prevalence and Pathological Features ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yuanyuan LiuGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, China.
Jingfeng ZhangGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, China.
Haoqing ZhaoGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, China.
Feifeng ZhongGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, China.
Jianyu LiGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, China.
Lichao ZhaoGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, China. zlc@scau.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32472293National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund 2023A1515011965The Science and Technology special fund project of Guangdong Province SDZX2022025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Survival in host macrophages is an effective strategy for pathogenic bacterial transmission and pathogenesis. Our previous study found that viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Cronobacter Sakazakii (C. sakazakii) can survive in macrophages, but its survival mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms of VBNC C. sakazakii survival in macrophages in terms of environmental tolerance within macrophages and evasion of macrophages recognition. The results revealed that VBNC C. sakazakii survived under oxidative conditions at a higher rate than the culturable C. sakazakii. Moreover, the stringent response gene (relA and spoT) and the antioxidant-related genes (sodA, katG, and trxA) were up-regulated, indicating that VBNC C. sakazakii may regulate antioxidation through stringent response. On the other hand, compared with culturable C. sakazakii, VBNC C. sakazakii caused reduced response (Toll-like receptor 4) in macrophages, which was attributed to the suppression of biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Furthermore, we found that ellagic acid can reduce the survival rate of bacteria in macrophages by improving the immune TLR4 recognition ability of macrophages. In conclusion, VBNC C. sakazakii may survive in macrophages by regulating oxidative tolerance through stringent response and altering LPS synthesis to evade TLR4 recognition by macrophages, which suggests the pathogenic risk of VBNC C. sakazakii.

Indexed as

Cronobacter sakazakiiMacrophagesOxidative StressAnimalsAntioxidantsEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsImmune EvasionLipopolysaccharidesMiceMicrobial ViabilityRAW 264.7 CellsToll-Like Receptor 4AntioxidantsLipopolysaccharidesToll-Like Receptor 4Cronobacter sakazakiiIntracellular survivalMacrophageVBNC

Identifiers

PMID39506633
PMCPMC11539806

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.