Functional excitation-inhibition ratio for social anxiety analysis and severity assessment.

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by an intense fear of and avoidance of social situations. Traditional assessment methods for SAD primarily rely on subjective self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews, which can be prone to biases and inaccuracies. This study aims to explore the functional excitation-inhibition (fEI) ratio derived from EEG data as a potential objective biomarker for assessing SAD severity. Methods: Resting-state EEG data were collected from 20 control subjects and 60 individuals with varying degrees of SAD severity (mild, moderate, and severe). The fEI ratio was estimated across different EEG bands and analyzed, focusing on differences between control subjects and SAD groups. Results: Significantly higher fEI ratios were observed in the alpha and low beta EEG bands in individuals with SAD compared to controls, especially within the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the fEI ratio and the severity of social anxiety symptoms across SAD severity levels. Discussion: The findings indicate that the fEI ratio in the alpha and low beta bands may serve as a promising biomarker for assessing SAD severity. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying social anxiety, offering a potentially more objective approach to SAD assessment compared to traditional methods.