ArticleScientific reports2024
Association between blood heavy metals and diabetic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A bibliometric analysis of trace elements and diabetic kidney disease: scientific hotspots and research evolution.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Glycemic Regulation and Renal Function by Heavy Metal Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Analysis on Cement Plant Workers.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead Exacerbates Kidney Function in People with Diabetes.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Enhanced Kidney Damage in Individuals with Diabetes Who Are Chronically Exposed to Cadmium and Lead: The Emergent Role for βInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Studies on the correlation of exposure to metals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is scarce, especially concerning the impact of mixed metals on DKD. This study aimed to explore the association of blood heavy metals with DKD risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with T2DM in NHANES 2011-2020. ICP‒MS was applied to detect five metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Hg, Se and Mn, in blood. At the same time, the impacts of exposure to single and mixed metals on DKD were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, WQS, and BKMR models. The relationship was examined based on age, sex, BMI, hypertension, smoking status and PIR. Totally 2362 participants were enrolled for final analysis. Among them, 634 (26.84%) patients undergoing T2DM had DKD. Logistic regression indicated that, Pb (Q4: OR [95% CI]: 1.557 [1.175, 2.064]) was related to DKD when all covariates were adjusted. The WQS analysis, which was set in a positive directional mode, suggested that Pb was correlated positively with a higher incidence of DKD. In BKMR analysis, linear dose‒response curves were generated for Pb when fixing the other metals in the 50th percentile. In addition, exposure to mixed metals was significantly positively related to DKD. Subgroup analysis during logistic regression demonstrated that Pb was significantly and positively related to DKD in females, over 50 years, those with over 25 kg/m
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