ArticleScientific reports2024
Stroop task and practice effects demonstrate cognitive dysfunction in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neurological impairment in long COVID: implications for neurodegenerative disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Investigation of BOLD signal intensities in long COVID patients using 7T functional MRI.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Neurovascular and synaptic milieu of brain-resident cells in cognitive dysfunction of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Impaired brain intrinsic connectivity in long COVID during cognitive exertion revealed by independent component analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Distinct functional connectivity patterns in myalgic encephalomyelitis and long COVID patients during cognitive fatigue: a 7 Tesla task-fMRI study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Short-term intrinsic connectivity changes induced by cognitive exertion in healthy participants.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Brain functional connectivity after Stroop task induced cognitive fatigue.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Resilience of Neural Networks Underlying the Stroop Effect in the Aftermath of Severe COVID-19: fMRI Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Cognitive Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Aetiology and Potential Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exertional Exhaustion (Post-Exertional Malaise, PEM) Evaluated by the Effects of Exercise on Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolomics-Lipidomics and Serine Pathway in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The emerging role of exosomal LncRNAs in chronic fatigue syndrome: from intercellular communication to disease biomarkers.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Cognitive functions among Saudi patients with methamphetamine and cannabis use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Graph theory-based analysis of functional connectivity changes in brain networks underlying cognitive fatigue: An EEG study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Executive dysfunctions in patients with low-grade gliomas in the supplementary motor area: a neuropsychological perspective.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Stroop task was used to investigate differences in cognitive function between Long COVID (LC), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and healthy control subjects.
methodsSubjects viewed four color words or neutral (XXXX) stimuli with the same (congruent) or different color ink (incongruent). Cognitive conflict was inferred from response times for pairings of prestimuli and subsequent stimuli. Overall effects were assessed by univariate analysis with time courses determined for binned response times.
resultsLC and ME/CFS had significantly longer response times than controls indicating cognitive dysfunction. Initial response times were ranked LC > ME > HC, and decreased according to power functions. At the end of the task (900s), times were ranked LC = ME > HC. Response times were significantly slower for stimuli following an incongruent prestimulus. Time series for Stroop effect, facilitation, interference, surprise index and practice power law parameters were generally similar in LC, ME/CFS and HC suggesting comparable patterns for recruitment of cognitive resources. The prestimulus data were analyzed and generated positive Stroop and interference effects that were distinct from stimulus effects.
conclusionLC and ME/CFS have global slowing of response times that cannot be overcome by practice suggesting impaired communications between network nodes during problem solving. Analysis of matched prestimulus - stimulus effects adds a new dimension for understanding cognitive conflict. BRIEF SUMMARY: Cognitive dysfunction in Long COVID and ME/CFS was demonstrated using the Stroop task which found global slowing of response times and limitations of practice effects.
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