Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39500774›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology2026

Multimodal examination of daily stress rhythms in chronic Cannabis users.

Nicholas C Glodosky, Michael J Cleveland, Reza Rahimi Azghan, Hassan Ghasemzadeh, Ryan J McLaughlin, Carrie Cuttler

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Parasympathetic decreases immediately following self-reported cannabis smoking among adults living with cannabis use disorder.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nicholas C GlodoskyDepartments of Psychology, Washington State University, PO Box 644820, Pullman, WA, 99164-4820, USA.
Michael J ClevelandPrevention Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Reza Rahimi AzghanCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Hassan GhasemzadehCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Ryan J McLaughlinIntegrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Carrie CuttlerPrevention Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. carrie.cuttler@wsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5890-2985

Funding

Washington State University Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program 141804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleChronic cannabis users frequently report stress relief as their primary reason for use. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the neuroendocrine stress response, and diurnal cortisol rhythms may be disrupted in chronic cannabis users.

objectivesThe objectives were to determine whether cannabis users demonstrate disruptions in diurnal stress rhythms and examine the acute effects of cannabis on stress-related outcomes in cannabis users' natural environments.

methodsEighty-two participants (39 cannabis users, 43 non-users) collected saliva samples to quantify cortisol concentrations and provided subjective stress ratings at 8 time points throughout the day. They wore a medical-grade wearable device for 24 h that recorded physiological indicators of stress (heart rate variability, electrodermal activity). Cannabis users collected additional saliva samples before and after cannabis use to examine acute effects of cannabis use.

resultsCannabis users exhibited significant dysregulations in diurnal cortisol rhythms, including a blunted cortisol awakening response, flattened diurnal cortisol slope, and elevated afternoon cortisol concentrations. There were no differences in diurnal heart rate variability or electrodermal activity except for elevated evening heart rate in cannabis users. Finally, there were significant decreases in cortisol, subjective stress, and electrodermal activity following acute cannabis use in cannabis users' natural environment.

conclusionsThese results provide evidence of dysregulated diurnal cortisol rhythms in cannabis users that were related to later waking times and acute stress-relieving properties of cannabis use in naturalistic environments. Future research should examine the direction of the relationship between cannabis use and diurnal cortisol rhythms and potential implications for other psychological disorders.

Indexed as

Circadian RhythmHydrocortisoneMarijuana AbuseStress, PsychologicalAdultFemaleGalvanic Skin ResponseHeart RateHumansMaleSalivaYoung AdultHydrocortisoneCannabisCortisolCortisol awakening responseDepressionDiurnal cortisol slopeElectrodermal activityHeart rate variabilityStress

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.