Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39499998›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2025

Gestational phthalate exposure and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children with increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorder.

Jeong Weon Choi, Deborah H Bennett, Antonia M Calafat, Daniel J Tancredi, Meghan Miller, Rebecca J Schmidt, Hyeong-Moo Shin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jeong Weon ChoiDepartment of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA. Electronic address: JeongWeon_Choi@baylor.edu.
Deborah H BennettDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Antonia M CalafatDivision of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Daniel J TancrediDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Meghan MillerDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Rebecca J SchmidtDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Hyeong-Moo ShinDepartment of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.

Funding

UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Core CenterP30ES023513 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Ameer Taha · 2015 to 2026
$26.0M
UC Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCEH)P01ES011269 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI VAN DE WATER, JUDY A. · 2001 to 2018
$12.5M
Research Project: Pathologic Significance of Maternal AutoantibodiesP50HD103526 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI LEONARD J. ABBEDUTO, Melissa Dawn Bauman · 2020 to 2026
$9.7M
Autism Risk, Prenatal Environmental Exposures, and Pathophysiologic MarkersR01ES020392 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, IRVA, OZONOFF, SALLY · 2011 to 2015
$9.0M
Rodent Behavior CoreU54HD079125 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI OZONOFF, SALLY · 2013 to 2019
$8.5M
Environmental Influence on Infant Microbiome Development and ASD SymptomsR01ES028089 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, IRVA, MILLS, DAVID ANDREW · 2016 to 2020
$3.6M
BUILDS MARBLES: Biorepository Upkeep and Infrastructure for Longitudinal Data Sharing for MARBLESR24ES028533 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Brittany D. Chambers Butcher, Rebecca Jean Schmidt · 2017 to 2026
$2.3M
BUILDS MARBLES: Biorepository Upkeep and Infrastructure for Longitudinal Data Sharing for MARBLESU24ES028533 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI CHAMBERS BUTCHER, BRITTANY D., SCHMIDT, REBECCA JEAN · 2023 to 2025
$1.2M
Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates in a High-Risk ASD Pregnancy CohortR21ES025551 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON · PI SHIN, HYEONG-MOO · 2015 to 2016
$431k
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103526NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD079125NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES011269NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES023513NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES020392NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES028089NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES025551NIEHS NIH HHS R24 ES028533NIEHS NIH HHS U24 ES028533
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExperimental studies have shown associations between gestational phthalate exposure and behavioral problems among offspring; however, epidemiological evidence is still mixed. This study aims to investigate whether gestational phthalate exposure is associated with behavioral problems in preschool-aged children.

methodsParticipants include 178 mother-child pairs from MARBLES (Markers of Autism Risk in Babies - Learning Early Signs), a cohort with high familial likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We quantified 14 phthalate metabolites in multiple maternal urine samples collected during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Preschool behavior problems were assessed using the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), a standardized instrument for evaluating behavior problems of children aged 1.5-5 years. To examine associations of CBCL scores with both individual phthalate biomarker concentrations and their mixture, we used negative binomial regression and weighted quantile sum regression.

resultsOverall, maternal phthalate biomarker concentrations were not associated with child behavior problems. Monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) concentrations were inversely associated with child anxious/depressed symptoms and somatic complaints. Mono-hydroxy-isobutyl phthalate (MHiBP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) were also inversely associated with somatic complaints. When assessing trimester-specific associations, more behavior problems were associated with the 2nd trimester biomarker concentrations: mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP) were positively associated with somatic complaints. All associations became non-significant after false discovery rate correction. No association between a mixture of phthalates and CBCL scores was found.

conclusionsOur study observed no clear evidence of gestational phthalate exposure on child behavior problems. However, our findings based on the biomonitoring assessment of multiple samples per participant could improve our understanding of gestational phthalate exposure in association with behavior problems in preschool-aged children.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderMaternal ExposurePhthalic AcidsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsAdultBiomarkersChild, PreschoolEnvironmental PollutantsFemaleHumansInfantMalePregnancyProblem BehaviorBiomarkersEnvironmental Pollutantsphthalic acidPhthalic AcidsBehavioral problemsGestational exposurePhthalatesUrine

Identifiers

PMID39499998
PMCPMC12328017

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.