ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2024
Neighborhood demographics in relation to marketing and regulation-related factors among cannabis retailers in 5 US cities.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cannabis retailers' marketing practices and compliance with state regulations: a 2025 point-of-sale audit in 5 U.S. cities.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Stress in Relation to Mental Health Symptoms and the Moderating Role of Perceived Stress in US Young Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cannabis Use Among U.S. Youth Who Use Tobacco: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.AJPM focus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study assessed differences in cannabis retailer practices by neighborhood sociodemographics, which can inform disparity-relevant interventions.
methodsMultilevel multivariable logistic regressions examined retailers' census tract demographics (percent <21 years-old; non-Hispanic White, Black, or other race, Hispanic; median household income [MHHI]) in relation to 2022 audit data regarding marketing (youth-oriented signs, health-claims, exterior ads, price specials, membership programs, delivery/pick-up) and regulatory compliance (pregnancy and health-risk warning signage, exterior minimum-age signage) among 150 randomly-selected retailers in 5 US cities/states (Denver, Colorado; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Las Vegas, Nevada; Los Angeles, California).
results20.7 % had youth-oriented signage, 28.7 % health-claim signage, 27.3 % exterior ads, 75.3 % price specials, 39.3 % membership programs, 28.0 % delivery/pick-up, 72.0 % pregnancy warnings, 38.0 % health-risk warnings, and 64.0 % minimum-age signage. Retailers in tracts with higher percent <21 and non-Hispanic White had lower odds of youth-oriented signage. Higher MHHI had higher odds of health-claims; higher percent Hispanic had lower odds of health-claims. Higher MHHI had lower odds of exterior ads. Higher percent <21 had lower odds of price specials. Higher percent non-Hispanic White had higher odds of membership programs. Higher percent non-Hispanic White, other race, and Hispanic had higher odds of delivery/pick-up; higher MHHI had lower odds of delivery/pick-up. Higher percent non-Hispanic White had higher odds of pregnancy warnings. Higher percent <21 had lowers odds of health-risk warnings. Demographics were unrelated to minimum-age signage.
conclusionsGiven key findings (e.g., less regulation-related signage in racial/ethnic minority communities), cannabis retail could exacerbate disparities, underscoring the need for related regulatory and prevention efforts.
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