Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39499430›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Differences by Hispanic Ethnicity and Black Race.

Jheanelle A Atkinson, Suzan L Carmichael, Stephanie A Leonard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jheanelle A AtkinsonSchool of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA. jatkinson22@mmc.edu.ORCID 0009-0006-2034-8719
Suzan L CarmichaelDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stephanie A LeonardDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8213-1319

Funding

Building a causal pathway framework to identify interventions to prevent severe maternal morbidityR01NR020335 · NINR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CARMICHAEL, SUZAN L · 2021 to 2025
$3.7M
Optimizing treatment of chronic hypertension in pregnancy using a national distributed data networkK01HL171699 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Stephanie A. Leonard · 2024 to 2026
$514k
NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL171699NHLBI NIH HHS K01HL171699NINR NIH HHS NR020335NINR NIH HHS R01 NR020335
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveBlack individuals carry the greatest burden of maternal mortality, with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy being a significant driving force to this disparity. However, research on maternal health disparities predominantly groups Hispanic Black individuals with all other individuals of Hispanic ethnicity. We hypothesized that this aggregation might obscure the risk patterns of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy for Hispanic-Black and non-Hispanic Black individuals.

methodsWe analyzed a California statewide dataset of vital records linked to hospitalization discharge data for births from 2007 to 2018. Using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, smoking status, diabetes, and chronic renal disease, we compared the odds of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy between Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Black Hispanic racial-ethnic groups. Hypertensive disorders were categorized into two groups: (1) any hypertensive disorder and (2) chronic hypertension alone, non-severe hypertensive disorders, and severe hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

resultsNon-Hispanic Black people had 75% increased odds of developing a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.74, 1.78) and Hispanic-Black individuals had a 31% increased odds (95% CI: 1.24, 1.38) as compared with non-Black Hispanic individuals. When considering hypertensive disorders separately, the race-associated differences were largest for chronic hypertension alone, with non-Hispanic Black individuals showing an aOR of 2.35 (95% CI: 2.32, 2.38) and Hispanic-Black individuals an aOR of 1.80 (95% CI: 1.66, 1.95).

conclusionCompared with non-Black Hispanic individuals, the prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was higher in Black-Hispanic individuals and highest in non-Hispanic Black individuals. Racial/ethnic differences were larger for chronic hypertension alone than for preeclampsia.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanHealth Status DisparitiesHispanic or LatinoHypertension, Pregnancy-InducedAdultCaliforniaFemaleHumansPregnancyRisk FactorsYoung AdultBlack peopleHealth inequitiesHispanic or LatinoHypertensionHypertension (pregnancy-induced)Pregnancy

Identifiers

PMID39499430
PMCPMC12122015

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.