ArticleClinical and experimental medicine2024
Tumor-immune hybrid cells evade the immune response and potentiate colorectal cancer metastasis through CTLA4.
Article in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trimodal, uncertainty-guided whole-slide framework for genome-scale spatial expression and image-only virtual perturbation in cancer cohorts.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Interrogating the immune landscape of microsatellite stable RAS-mutated colon cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Comparative spatial whole transcriptome analysis of matched frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissues.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- A Circulating Signature of Tumour Hybrid Cells and Immune Checkpoints Predicts Metastatic Progression in Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cancer cells metastasize in several types of cancer via two distinct routes, probably based on mechanical signals.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Integrated single-cell analysis characterizes malignant epithelial programs and context-dependent immune associations of MP7/SERINC2 in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cell-Cell Fusion as a Mechanism of Immune Evasion and Metastatic Progression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Implications of Heterotypic Cell Fusion in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- How Do Cancer Cells Fuse and Why?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Decoding tumor heterogeneity: A spatially informed pan-cancer analysis of the tumor microenvironment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Olive Oil Polyphenols: A Promising Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Differential effects of minocycline on human breast epithelial cells, human breast cancer cells and their tumor hybrids.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Understanding pre-metastatic niche formation: implications for colorectal cancer liver metastasis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Cell fusion as a driver of metastasis: re-evaluating an old hypothesis in the age of cancer heterogeneity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the metastatic cascade is critical for the treatment and prevention of cancer-related death. Within a tumor, immune cells have the capacity to fuse with tumor cells to generate tumor-immune hybrid cells (THCs). THCs are hypothesized to be a subset of cancer cells with the capacity to enter circulation as circulating hybrid cells (CHC) and seed metastases. To understand the mechanism of THC metastasis, we investigated CHCs in peripheral blood from patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as THCs in tissues of primary colorectal cancers and their liver metastasis sites using immunofluorescence, spatial proteomic, spatial transcriptomic, molecular classification, and molecular pathway analyses. Our findings indicated a high prevalence of CHCs and THCs in patients with stage IV CRC. THCs expressed CTLA4 in primary CRC lesions and correlated with upregulation of CD68, CD4, and HLA-DR in metastatic liver lesions, which is found in the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) 1 of primary CRC tissue. Pathway analysis of these genes suggested that THCs are associated with neutrophils due to upregulation of neutrophil extracellular trap signaling (NET) and neutrophil degranulation pathways. These data provide molecular pathways for the formation of THCs suggesting fusion with neutrophils, which may facilitate extravasation and metastatic seeding.
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