ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025
Foreign Body Immune Response to Zwitterionic and Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels Made with Mechanical Fragmentation.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microgel-Based 3D Bioprinting: A Convergent Strategy Integrating Material Design, Jamming Dynamics, and Biological Function.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Advances in GelMA Hydrogel-Enabled Angiogenic-Osteogenic Coupling: From Structural Programming to Exogenous Cue Synergy.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Biofilm-Antagonist Ginger-Based 3D-Printable Photoresins for Complex Implant Designs Exhibiting Advanced Multifunctional Biomedical Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Granular Hydrogels as Modular Biomaterials: From Structural Design to Biological Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Advancing Organ-on-Chip Models With a Sacrificial Granular Hydrogel Strategy for Enhanced Permeability and Biomimicry.Small methods · 2025Article
- Hydrogel Films in Biomedical Applications: Fabrication, Properties and Therapeutic Potential.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunocompatible Elastomer With Enhanced Fibrous Capsule-Resistance and Elasticity by Water-Induced Surface Phase Reconfiguration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Foreign Body Immune Response to Zwitterionic and Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels Made with Mechanical Fragmentation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Granular hydrogels have recently attracted the attention for diverse tissue engineering applications due to their versatility and modularity. Despite previous studies showing enhanced viability and metabolism of cells encapsulated in these hydrogels, the in vitro immune response and long-term fibrotic response of these scaffolds have not been well characterized. Here, bulk and granular hydrogels are studied based on synthetic zwitterionic (ZI) and natural polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) made with mechanical fragmentation. In vitro, immunomodulatory studies show an increased stimulatory effect of HA granular hydrogels compared to bulk, while both bulk and granular ZI hydrogels do not induce an inflammatory response. Subcutaneous implantation in mice shows that both ZI and HA granular hydrogels resulted in less collagen capsule deposition around implants compared to bulk HA hydrogels 10 weeks after implantation. Moreover, the HA granular hydrogels are infiltrated by host cells, including macrophages and mature blood vessels, in a porosity-dependent manner. However, a large number of cells, including multinucleated giant cells as well as blood vessels, surround bulk and granular ZI hydrogels and are not able to infiltrate. Overall, this study provides new insights on the long-term stability and fibrotic response of granular hydrogels, paving the way for future studies and applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.