Integrating HEC-RAS, GIS, and LISREL for assessing and enhancing urban building resilience against flood threats: Comprehensive model and analysis.

Floods pose significant threats to urban areas, resulting in substantial human and financial losses annually. The vulnerability of key urban centers to these risks diminishes their efficiency, leading to public dissatisfaction and service deficiencies. Recognizing and enhancing the resilience of essential buildings becomes crucial in mitigating these challenges. This study employs a comprehensive approach to achieve a resilience model for critical buildings facing floods. The research process involves the identification of city assets based on leveling criteria, utilizing GIS technology for spatial mapping. HECRAS software aids in river flow modeling, identifying areas lacking flood-carrying capacity. By overlaying vulnerable gravity centers with flood-prone regions, building resilience components are computed through structural factor analysis and LISREL modeling. The study identifies ten key criteria. Further analysis includes resilience modeling using TOPSIS and AHP methods. The positive ideal and negative ideal solutions are determined, resulting in the grading of building resilience. Notably, the balance redundancy index with cascading potential effects attains the highest positive ideal value at 0.257, while the resistance to a level of stress index achieves the lowest negative ideal value at 0.02. This comprehensive approach and modeling contribute to the understanding and enhancement of urban building resilience in the face of flood threats.