ArticleMicrobiome2024
Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.
Article in Microbiome, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neighborhood deadwood and yard rewilding modulate commensal microbiomes and inflammatory signals among urbanites.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Clinical translation of salivary MicroAge for understanding the oral-systemic connection in healthy longevity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The oral-gut-brain axis: how periodontitis influence depression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Analyzing human gut microbiome data from global populations: challenges and resources.Trends in microbiology · 2025Review
- The forgotten link: how the oral microbiome shapes childhood growth and development.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Review
- Correction: Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.Microbiome · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Update of
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12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLifestyle plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome. However, its contributions to the oral microbiome remain less clear, due to the confounding effects of geography and methodology in investigations of populations studied to date. Furthermore, while the oral microbiome seems to differ between foraging and industrialized populations, we lack insight into whether transitions to and away from agrarian lifestyles shape the oral microbiota. Given the growing interest in so-called "vanishing microbiomes" potentially being a risk factor for increased disease prevalence in industrialized populations, it is important that we distinguish lifestyle from geography in the study of microbiomes across populations.
resultsHere, we investigate salivary microbiomes of 63 Nepali individuals representing a spectrum of lifestyles: foraging, subsistence farming (individuals that transitioned from foraging to farming within the last 50 years), agriculturalists (individuals that have transitioned to farming for at least 300 years), and industrialists (expatriates that immigrated to the USA within the last 20 years). We characterize the role of lifestyle in microbial diversity, identify microbes that differ between lifestyles, and pinpoint specific lifestyle factors that may be contributing to differences in the microbiomes across populations. Contrary to prevailing views, when geography is controlled for, oral microbiome alpha diversity does not differ significantly across lifestyles. Microbiome composition, however, follows the gradient of lifestyles from foraging through agrarianism to industrialism, supporting the notion that lifestyle indeed plays a role in the oral microbiome. Relative abundances of several individual taxa, including Streptobacillus and an unclassified Porphyromonadaceae genus, also mirror lifestyle. Finally, we identify specific lifestyle factors associated with microbiome composition across the gradient of lifestyles, including smoking and grain sources.
conclusionOur findings demonstrate that by studying populations within Nepal, we can isolate an important role of lifestyle in determining oral microbiome composition. In doing so, we highlight the potential contributions of several lifestyle factors, underlining the importance of carefully examining the oral microbiome across lifestyles to improve our understanding of global microbiomes. Video Abstract.
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