ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2025
Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Thyroid autoimmunity and the subsequent development of islet and celiac autoimmunity in the TEDDY study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Reducing Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: The Impact of Screening Programs and Early Disease-Modifying Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Retinol, Carotenoid, and Tocopherol Intake and Status, and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Article
- The diabetes exposome: interplay of environmental and genetic determinants in diabetes.Human genomics · 2026Review
- Geospatial clustering of type 1 diabetes in Sweden: a cohort study based on all residential locations from birth to diagnosis.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Epigenetic analyses suggest different pathways during pregnancy for development of type 1 diabetes in children with high versus low-neutral human leukocyte antigen-risk.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in a Cohort of Children With Increased Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- The inflammatory path toward type 1 diabetes begins during pregnancy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and the early prevention window in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a state-of-the-art narrative review on diet and metabolites.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Microbial associations and viruses on the risk of celiac disease (MAVRiC): a longitudinal post-hoc case-cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Small things matter: Lack of extraislet β cells in type 1 diabetes.Science advances · 2025Article
- Maternal type 1 diabetes might protect offspring through epigenetic modifications.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Islet-intrinsic sex differences in inflammatory signaling contribute to autoimmune diabetes susceptibility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Review
- The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- [Same antibodies, new questions: interdisciplinary diagnosis in a 72-year-old female patient with encephalitis].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Changing Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes: A Global Perspective.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The goal of the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study is to elucidate factors leading to the initiation of islet autoimmunity (first primary outcome) and those related to progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM; second primary outcome). This Review outlines the key findings so far, particularly related to the first primary outcome. The background, history and organization of the study are discussed. Recruitment and follow-up (from age 4 months to 15 years) of 8,667 children showed high retention and compliance. End points of the presence of autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, IA-2 and ZnT8 revealed the HLA-associated early appearance of insulin autoantibodies (1-3 years of age) and the later appearance of GAD65 autoantibodies. Competing autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (marking coeliac disease autoimmunity) also appeared early (2-4 years). Genetic and environmental factors, including enterovirus infection and gastroenteritis, support mechanistic differences underlying one phenotype of autoimmunity against insulin and another against GAD65. Infant growth and both probiotics and high protein intake affect the two phenotypes differently, as do serious life events during pregnancy. As the end of the TEDDY sampling phase is approaching, major omics approaches are in progress to further dissect the mechanisms that might explain the two possible endotypes of T1DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.