ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2024
Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Migratory and Captive Wild Birds.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Wild birds as environmental reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Widespread antibiotic-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Winter migratory birds may carry diverse antimicrobial resistance genes into Japan.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Retail cattle meat as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella harboring β-lactamase genes in Sylhet, Bangladesh.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Ecological Diversity of Migratory Birds and Their Associated Bacterial Species in South Korea: A Preliminary Study Including Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase ProducingVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella spp., especially those are resistant to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), are considered as major concern to global health due to their emergence and dissemination.
aimThe aim of this study was to investigate the virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of Salmonella spp. from migratory and captive wild birds.
methodA total 262 faecal samples were collected, and the identification of Salmonella spp. was carried out using a standard culture and PCR as well as molecular detection of virulence and AMR genes.
resultsThe overall prevalence of Salmonella was determined to be 30.92% (95% CI = 25.63-36.75). Migratory birds exhibited highest prevalence (38.10%), whereas wild birds in captivity showed a lower prevalence (23.40%). The agfA gene was detected at a higher rate at 24.69%. Salmonella spp. exhibited 100% resistance to tetracycline, followed by 58% ampicillin and 46% streptomycin. In addition, there was a resistance rate to ceftriaxone of 17% and to colistin sulphate of 25%. Interestingly, levofloxacin alone displayed 100% sensitivity across all isolates, while ciprofloxacin and azithromycin showed 73% and 64% sensitivity, respectively. The MAR index was 0.25 and 0.42, and 74.07% of all isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). It was shown that migratory and captive wild birds contained ESBL genes blaTEM (94.34% and 49.06%) and blaSHV (13.33% and 10%), respectively. Genes responsible for sulphonamide (sul1) resistance were detected in 13.33% and 79% of wild and migratory birds, respectively.
conclusionSalmonella has been found in captive wild and migratory birds and could act as reservoirs for the transmission of MDR and ESBL bacteria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.