ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2024
Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Myopia Prescription Based on Smartphone App: A Feasibility Study in Africa.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Accuracy and precision of a sphero-cylindrical over-refraction app for smartphones.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To improve access to vision care and to enable mass vision screening, a smartphone app has been developed to measure refractive errors. Without needing any external attachment, the app running on a standalone phone can be used by lay personnel to measure subjective refraction. Its validity has been pilot-tested in clinical settings and underserved communities. The app estimates the refractive error by measuring the distances of far points for discerning visual stimuli. Spherical equivalent refraction and astigmatism can be measured using Tumbling E letters and grating patterns, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to describe the measurement protocols for performing subjective refraction using the app. Experimental results with 34 subjects (30 eyes for spherical equivalent and 38 eyes for astigmatism assessment) are presented. Measurement with the app was compared with standard clinical methods. The average absolute error of spherical equivalent refraction was 0.63D, and the average absolute error of astigmatism measurement was 0.28D. In addition, 22 subjects were enrolled to evaluate inter-pupillary distance (IPD) measurement with the app. The average absolute error in IPD measurement with the app was 1.2 mm. The protocol for measuring IPD with the app is also described.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.