Trial reportPsychology and psychotherapy2025
The effect of trauma-focused therapy on voice-hearing: An experience sampling study.
Trial report in Psychology and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Trauma-focused psychological interventions for psychosis: Meta-analytic evidence of differential effects on delusions and hallucinations.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Cumulative exposure to childhood adversity and risk of adult psychosis: a dose-response meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of AVATAR Therapy on Voice Hearing in Everyday Life: ESM Outcomes of the AVATAR2 Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Trial
- The effect of trauma-focused therapy on voice-hearing: An experience sampling study.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2025Trial
- Exploration of Factors That Affect Engagement With the Experience Sampling Method and Service Users' Experience of This Within the AVATAR2 Trial: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trauma and post-traumatic stress are involved in the aetiology and maintenance of voice-hearing. It has been proposed that trauma-focused therapy (TFT) might affect voice-hearing, but previous studies are limited and remain undecided.
objectivesWe aimed to investigate the effect of TFT on voice-hearing in people with PTSD and psychosis using experience sampling method (ESM). A secondary aim was to explore how changes in voice-hearing are related to changes in PTSD.
designThis is an adjunct longitudinal ESM study of a sub-group of participants (N = 39) from a randomised controlled trial that compared TFT to a waiting-list control group.
methodsVoice-hearing participants filled in 10 daily voice-hearing-related questionnaires for six consecutive days at baseline and post-treatment at pseudo-random times during the day. PTSD symptom severity was assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Multilevel linear regression was used to test the effect of TFT on voice-hearing and to analyse the relationship between changes in voice-hearing and changes in PTSD.
resultsThe intention-to-treat analysis showed a significant interaction effect between time and treatment condition (p < .00001) with a small effect size (dppc2 = -0.27), indicating a larger decrease in voice-hearing in the TFT group than in the waiting-list control group. Also, a significant association was observed between changes in PTSD symptoms and changes in voice-hearing (p < .00001).
conclusionsOur findings tentatively suggest that, even when voices are not targeted directly, TFT for PTSD can alleviate distressing voices.
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