Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39493972›Full record

ArticleACS omega2024

Optimization of Synthesis Conditions for Urea-Formaldehyde Slow-Release Fertilizer Using Response Surface Methodology.

Yanle Guo, Yiyun Shi, Shugang Zhang, Zhenping Hao, Fengyuan Zhuang, Qiaobo Zhou, Hao Lu, Qunxiang Cui

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yanle GuoCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0134-377X
Yiyun ShiCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.
Shugang ZhangNational Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-9082
Zhenping HaoCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.
Fengyuan ZhuangCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.
Qiaobo ZhouCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.
Hao LuKey Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Qunxiang CuiCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9579-6517

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, we optimized the preparation of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken experimental design. The aim was to maximize the difference between CWIR and HWIR to maximize the content of slow-release insoluble nitrogen. In this work, a model of the impact of reaction factors on CWIR and HWIR was established. Through analysis of variance, the final model was significant. According to this model, the optimal reaction conditions were: a reaction temperature of 42.5 °C, a reaction time of 66.2 min, a U/F of 1.68, and a pH 3.3. Under these optimal conditions, the CWIR and HWIR reached 55.65 and 33.92%, respectively. In addition, the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermal stability analysis. This study accurately synthesized urea-formaldehyde products with specific release periods according to production needs in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization.

Identifiers

PMID39493972
PMCPMC11525508

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.