ReviewMultiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
Treatment effect modifiers of immunotherapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the Landscape of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) among Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Riyadh: Types, Patterns, Health Implications, and Social Drivers - A Cross‑Sectional Study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Article
- Guiding Multiple Sclerosis Care: An Update to the 2013 Consensus Statement from the MS in the 21st Century Steering Group.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Real-world experience with cladribine tablets in people with multiple sclerosis: effectiveness data from a multicenter Italian study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the treatment effects of immunotherapies in subgroups of adults with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effect of potential treatment effect modifiers (TEMs). Methods: Phase 2 and 3 RCTs with a placebo comparator were analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to summarize treatment effects within subgroups and differences in treatment effects between subgroups. Results: Thirty-one studies were included. Age < 40 years was the strongest TEM for relapse rate across DMTs with a ratio of rate ratios (RRR) of 1.44 (95% CI 1.09-1.90; 7 studies). Disability progression was influenced by age (ratio of hazard ratios, RHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11-2.29; 4 studies). Dichotomizing patients based on EDSS cut-offs (EDSS 2.0 and 3.0) also showed a significantly higher benefit for those less disabled for relapse rate (RRR 1.35, CI 1.03-1.76; 8 studies). Sex, baseline MRI parameters, previous immunotherapy, and clinical presentation showed no effect in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: Age < 40 is a robust TEM for a lower relapse rate as well as less disability progression across six MS immunotherapies. Additionally, a lower baseline EDSS was predictive of the relapse rate.
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