Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39491775›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025

The Effectiveness of Recipe4Health: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation.

Lisa G Rosas, Steven Chen, Lan Xiao, Mike Baiocchi, Elliot Ng, Benjamin O Emmert-Aronson, Wei-Ting Chen, Ariana Thompson-Lastad, Erica Martinez, Josselyn Perez and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Food Is Medicine: Prioritizing Equitable Implementation.American journal of public health · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Lisa G RosasDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Electronic address: lgrosas@stanford.edu.
Steven ChenAlameda County Health, San Leandro, California.
Lan XiaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Mike BaiocchiDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Elliot NgCommunity Health Center Network, Oakland, California.
Benjamin O Emmert-AronsonOpen Source Wellness, Oakland, California.
Wei-Ting ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Ariana Thompson-LastadOsher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
Erica MartinezDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
Josselyn PerezDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Eric MelendezDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Elizabeth MarkleOpen Source Wellness, Oakland, California.
Marcela D RadtkeDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
June TesterDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Funding

Effectiveness of Recipe4Health on Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A natural experimentR01DK140186 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Lisa Goldman Rosas, June M Tester · 2024 to 2026
$2.2M
Produce Prescriptions and Group Medical Visits: Addressing Food Insecurity and Social Isolation in Primary CareK01MD015766 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Ariana Lauren Thompson-Lastad · 2022 to 2026
$687k
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK140186NIMHD NIH HHS K01 MD015766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFood as Medicine is increasingly recognized as an important strategy for addressing the related challenges of food insecurity and nutrition-related chronic conditions. Food as Medicine refers to integration of food-based nutrition interventions into healthcare to prevent and treat disease. However, there is limited evidence to understand the effectiveness of Food as Medicine.

methodsRecipe4Health (R4H), a comprehensive Food as Medicine program, was implemented in 4 Federally Qualified Health Centers in California for patients with food insecurity and/or nutrition-related chronic conditions. Patients were referred by a healthcare provider to a "Food Farmacy" (16 weekly produce home deliveries) alone or in combination with a "Behavioral Pharmacy" (16 weekly group visits). A quasi-experimental study with pre/post surveys (4 months) and propensity score matched controls for Electronic Health Record outcomes over 12 months was conducted. Participants were 2,643 R4H patients and 2,643 controls identified from 1/2020 to 12/2022; data were analyzed from 2023 to 2024.

resultsThere was a significant increase in produce consumption from baseline to 4 months (0.41 servings/day [0.11, 0.72], p=0.007) in the Food Farmacy in combination with Behavioral Pharmacy. Compared to controls, there were improvements in non-HDL cholesterol for the Food Farmacy alone (-17.1 mg/dL [-26.9, -7.2], p<0.001) and in combination with Behavioral Pharmacy (-17 mg/dL [-28.3, -5.8], p=0.003) at 12 months. Compared to controls, HbA1c significantly decreased in the Food Farmacy alone at 12 months (-0.37%, 95% CI [-0.65, -0.08]; p=0.01), but not the Food Farmacy with Behavioral Pharmacy.

conclusionsR4H resulted in improvements in diet and multiple clinical health outcomes, such as non-HDL cholesterol and HbA1c.

Indexed as

Food InsecurityAdultAgedCaliforniaChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID39491775
PMCPMC11957382

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.