ArticleJournal of clinical periodontology2025
Hypoxic Responses in Periodontal Tissues: Influence of Smoking and Periodontitis.
Article in Journal of clinical periodontology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnostic accuracy and smoking-driven modulation of salivary MMP-8, MMP-9, and HIF-1α in stage III grade B/C periodontitis: a cross-sectional study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Review
- The central regulator HIF-1α in digestive system pathologies: inflammation and cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association of Salivary HIF-1α Level With Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers in Smokers and Nonsmokers With Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- N-acetylcysteine restores osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells by attenuating HIF-1α-driven oxidative stress and glycolytic reprogramming.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Hyperbaric oxygen protects against periodontal bone loss by modulating inflammation and bone remodeling via RANKL/OPG expression in ligature-induced periodontitis.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Hypoxia-inducible factors in the immunometabolism of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Macrophage adaptation to hypoxia: metabolism, migration, and phagocytosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimThis study aimed to investigate the hypoxic changes in periodontal tissues resulting from smoking and periodontitis by assessing levels of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study comprised 22 periodontally healthy non-smokers (Group H), 22 periodontally healthy smokers (Group HS), 22 non-smokers with periodontitis (Group P) and 22 smokers with periodontitis (Group PS). Clinical periodontal parameters were documented, and GCF samples were collected and analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsSignificantly elevated levels of HIF-1α, HIF-3α and VEGF were observed in Groups HS, P and PS compared to Group H (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher HIF-2α levels were detected in the Groups HS and P compared to Group H (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were detected between all evaluated hypoxia biomarkers in the Group P (p < 0.05) except HIF-2α and HIF-3α. However, in the PS group, significant correlation appeared only between HIF-1α and HIF-2α (p < 0.05).
conclusionOur findings indicate that smoking and periodontitis induce comparable hypoxic effects in periodontal tissues, as evidenced by the evaluated biomarkers. Further research is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying hypoxia in periodontal tissues.
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