ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2024
Enhanced mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity after heterologous intramuscular mRNA prime/intranasal protein boost vaccination with a combination adjuvant.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- How vaccine research took me on an international journey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Induction of mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2: a heterologous intramuscular mRNA-LNP prime/pulmonary recombinant subunit pull vaccination strategy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intranasal boosting enhances genital tract T cell immunity following ChAdOx1/MVA hrHPV therapeutic vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nasal humoral immunity: the first line of protection against respiratory pathogens.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Current status of intranasal and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Intranasal DC-targeting vaccine booster elicits durable and cross-clade protective immunity against sarbecoviruses in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a prospective outlook from technological innovation to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for high-risk populations: potential and challenges of combining heterologous boosting with respiratory mucosal delivery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Keystone Epitope Theory: An Ecological Perspective on RNA Viruses, Tumor Immunoediting, and Vaccine Design.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Review
- A single-dose mRNA vaccine induces potent and long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity against the varicella-zoster virus in a murine model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and efficacy of homologous and heterologous NDV and MVA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in mice and hamsters.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Intranasal mRNA vaccines: Targeting mucosal immunity through optimized delivery.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- ISG15 as a Potent Immune Adjuvant in MVA-Based Vaccines Against Zika Virus and SARS-CoV-2.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Genetic adjuvants: A paradigm shift in vaccine development and immune modulation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Tailoring mRNA lipid nanoparticles for antifungal vaccines.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Article
- Longitudinal evaluation of T-cell responses to Pfizer-BioNTech and Janssen SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as boosters in Ghanaian adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhancing functional antibody responses against HIV envelope V1V2 through vaccine formulations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Current COVID-19 mRNA vaccines delivered intramuscularly (IM) induce effective systemic immunity, but with suboptimal immunity at mucosal sites, limiting their ability to impart sterilizing immunity. There is strong interest in rerouting immune responses induced in the periphery by parenteral vaccination to the portal entry site of respiratory viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), by mucosal vaccination. We previously demonstrated the combination adjuvant, NE/IVT, consisting of a nanoemulsion (NE) and an RNA-based RIG-I agonist (IVT) induces potent systemic and mucosal immune responses in protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines administered intranasally (IN). Herein, we demonstrate priming IM with mRNA followed by heterologous IN boosting with NE/IVT adjuvanted recombinant antigen induces strong mucosal and systemic antibody responses and enhances antigen-specific T cell responses in mucosa-draining lymph nodes compared to IM/IM and IN/IN prime/boost regimens. While all regimens induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against divergent variants and sterilizing immunity in the lungs of challenged mice, mucosal vaccination, either as homologous prime/boost or heterologous IN boost after IM mRNA prime, was required to impart sterilizing immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Our data demonstrate the benefit of hybrid regimens whereby strong immune responses primed via IM vaccination are rerouted by IN vaccination to mucosal sites to provide optimal protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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