Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39489880›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2025

Cancer and treatment specific incidence rates of immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.

Bishma Jayathilaka, Farah Mian, Fanny Franchini, George Au-Yeung, Maarten IJzerman

Erratum issuedAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 92 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bishma JayathilakaPharmacy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. bishma.jayathilaka@unimelb.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0352
Farah MianPharmacy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Fanny FranchiniCancer Health Services Research Unit, Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-3385
George Au-YeungSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Maarten IJzermanSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmune-related adverse events (irAE) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a treatment-limiting barrier. There are few large-scale studies that estimate irAE prevalence. This paper presents a systematic review that reports the prevalence of irAE by cancer type and ICI.

methodsA systematic review was undertaken in MEDLINE OVID, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from 2017-2021. A total of 293 studies were identified for analysis and, of these, event rate was calculated for 272 studies, which involved 58,291 patients with irAE among 305,879 total patients on ICI. Event rate was calculated by irAE and ICI type.

resultsMean event rate for general irAE occurrence across any grade was 40.0% (37.3-42.7%) and high grade was 19.7% (15.8-23.7%). Mean event rates for six specific types of irAE are reported. Mean event rate for ICI monotherapy was 30.5% (28.1-32.9%), 45.7% (29.6-61.7%) for ICI combination therapy, and 30.0% (25.3-34.6%) for both ICI monotherapy and combination therapy.

conclusionThis systematic review characterises irAE prevalence across current research that examines irAE risk factors across cancers and ICI. The findings confirms that irAE occurrence is very common in the real-world setting, both high grade and irAE across any grade.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsHumansIncidenceImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID39489880
PMCPMC11723908

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.