ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2025
The assessment of urinary sexual hormones within minipuberty and correlations with anthropometrics in a cohort of healthy term children.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-life phthalate mixture exposure and reproductive hormone levels during minipuberty.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- External genital features and normative values for anogenital distances and penile length at birth in a healthy Italian population: data from the LIFE-MILCH project.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Social and biological factors related to gender expression in 3-year-old children.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMinipuberty follows different trends in boys and girls. Aim of our study was to explore timing and dynamics of minipuberty in healthy infants, analyzing urinary levels of sexual hormones. Moreover, we analyzed the association among HPG axis activity and linear growth, ano-genital distances (AGDs) in both sexes, and penile length in males.
methodsLongitudinal cohort study in healthy term infants from birth to 6 months of life. Clinical evaluation (anthropometrics and AGDs) and urine sampling were performed at 0 (T0), 3 (T3), and 6 (T6) months. Urine samples were analyzed for gonadotropins and sex hormones.
results165 participants were involved. The growth trend of our population was regular, as were the AGDs. Urinary hormones were correlated each other's. Specifically, in boys, the correlation coefficient between urinary FSH (uFSH) and urinary LH (uLH) decreased from T0 to T6, while between urinary Testosterone (uT) and uFSH increased. In girls, correlations between uFSH and urinary Estradiol (uE) were observed at each time point. Notably, several correlations between hormones and anthropometrics and AGDs were found; the most interesting correlation was found in males within uLH and PL (at T0 ρ: 0.323, p < 0.05 and at T3 ρ: 0.371, p < 0.01), whereas in females uFSH at T0 showed negative correlations with both length and body weight percentile at T3 (ρ: -0.505, p < 0.01 and ρ: -0.478, p < 0.01, respectively).
conclusionUrinary matrix has proved to be a valuable, practical, non-invasive and cheaper method for sexual hormone assessment.
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