ArticleNature communications2024
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 XBB vaccine in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vaccine effectiveness across the Omicron evolutionary spectrum (BA.2, BA.5, XBB, JN.1, KP.3): a systematic review of studies published 2022-2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Interim Effectiveness of 2025-2026 mRNA-1283 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Related Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years in the United States.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Alternative approaches to phase III clinical trials for vaccine efficacy and licensure: the role of real-world evidence - a meeting report.Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization · 2026Article
- BNT162b2 LP.8.1 early vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 emergency department, urgent care, and outpatient visits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- BNT162b2 2024-2025 Vaccine Effectiveness Against COVID-19 in Children Aged 6 Months-17 Years.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Risk Factor Combinations on Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Among Outpatients.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity-IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023-9 March 2024.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Durability of the BNT162b2 KP.2 Vaccine Against COVID-19 Hospitalization and Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters in US Adults.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a prospective outlook from technological innovation to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- WSK-V102C COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 symptomatic infection among adults 60 years and older: a prospective observational cohort study in Shaanxi Province, China, 2024.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Neutralizing antibody durability and SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults six months after XBB-containing vaccine booster.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Early effectiveness of the BNT162b2 KP.2 vaccine against COVID-19 in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neutralizing Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Variants After Two mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Doses in a Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease from a Southern Italy Tertiary Hospital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How do large-scale population studies inform vaccine evaluations in England?Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of mRNA-1273.815 Against COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥ 18 Years in the United States.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine against COVID-19 hospitalization related to the JN.1 variant in Europe: a test-negative case-control study using the id.DRIVE platform.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- XBB.1.5 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine protection against inpatient or emergency department visits among adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and XBB-lineage variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Data evaluating effectiveness of XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines against JN.1-related endpoints are scarce. This nationwide test-negative case-control study within the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System aims to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine compared to not receiving an XBB vaccine of any kind against COVID-19 hospitalization, emergency department or urgent care visits (ED/UC), and outpatient visits. Between September 25, 2023 and January 31, 2024, effectiveness was 24-35% during a period of JN.1 predominance and 50-61% during XBB predominance across all outcomes. VE within 60 days of vaccination during the likely JN.1 period was 32% (95% confidence interval 3-52%) against hospitalization, 41% (23-54%) against ED/UC visits, and 31% (1-52%) against outpatient visits. Corresponding VE during the likely XBB period was 62% (44-74%), 52% (37-63%), and 50% (25-66%) by setting, respectively. Here, we show the importance of strain match to maximize the public health impact of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.