A Delphi-based exploration of factors impacting blood loss and operative time in robotic prostatectomy.

This study aims to investigate factors influencing the implementation of robotic-assisted radical surgery, with a specific focus on their effects on blood loss and operative time. Radical prostatectomy was chosen as the case study due to its complexity and diverse surgical activities. The study employed a three-round Delphi approach involving 25 surgeons from three countries: UK, Australia, and China. The collected data were analysed using non-parametric tests. The Delphi study showed significant correlations between the degree of difficulty and blood loss (Z = 2.698, ρ < 0.007), as well as between team coordination and blood loss (Z = 3.499, ρ < 0.0001). However, no significant relationship was found between operative time and blood loss. Surgeons reported that neurovascular bundle (NVB) release and pelvic lymph node dissection require high team coordination. NVB release is particularly challenging and poses a higher risk of blood loss. Additionally, a large prostate increases the difficulty of prostate dissection, prolongs operative time for bladder neck and NVB dissection, and leads to a considerable overall increase in operative time. The manuscript shows that effective team coordination plays a crucial role in reducing blood loss and operative time during surgical activities. When the team coordinates well, clear and efficient verbal communication suffices, reducing the need for physical proximity during robotic-assisted surgeries.