ReviewBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2024
The "lows": Update on ER-low and HER2-low breast cancer.
Review in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Interplay between HER2-Low status, hormone receptor expression, and therapeutic response to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors as first-line treatment in luminal-like metastatic breast cancer: The CYCLHER study.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Observational
- Evolution of ER-cut-off definition in clinical trials for triple negative breast cancer: trends and patterns over 15 years.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Review
- New perspectives on endocrine therapy suitability for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in clinical practice.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Review
- Redefining breast cancer: therapeutic opportunities in HER2-low and emerging molecular subtypes.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Prognostic Significance of the CPS-EG Score in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.Cancers · 2026Article
- Soluble HER2 promotes chronic antigen-mediated CD8⁺ T-cell dysfunction and limits immunotherapy response in HER2-low triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Estrogen Receptor-Low Positive (ER-Low) Breast Cancer: A Unique Clinical and Pathological Entity.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Monoallelic expression characterizes a distinct molecular and clinical group of breast tumors.Research square · 2026Article
- HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Biological Framework and Determinants of HER2 Instability.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Evidence-Based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Advanced HER2-Positive and HER2-Low Breast Cancer in Colombia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Survival analysis of adjuvant endocrine therapy in HER2 positive early breast cancer patients with low ER positivity.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Circulating T-cell receptor repertoire and clinicopathological correlations in breast cancer patients: immune repertoire analysis from the VGH-TAYLOR study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- HER2-Low Breast Cancer at the Interface of Pathology and Technology: Toward Precision Management.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Pathological response to pembrolizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy in ER-low vs. ER-zero breast cancer: a Swedish population-based cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Emerging Breast Cancer Subpopulations: Functional Heterogeneity Beyond the Classical Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inter-Assay Variability of TROP2 Immunohistochemistry in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Article
- Immunohistochemistry for PTEN testing in HR +/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Deep learning algorithm on H&E whole slide images to characterizeComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ER-low and HER2-low breast cancers have emerged as clinically significant subtypes that challenge traditional diagnostic categories and treatment paradigms. These subtypes, representing a spectrum of disease, exhibit distinct biological behaviors, therapeutic responses, and prognostic outcomes. HER2-low breast cancer, defined by low HER2 protein expression (IHC score of 1+ or 2+ without HER2 gene amplification), has achieved clinical significance, particularly following the DESTINY-Breast trials, which demonstrated the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in the population of patients with advanced HER2-low disease. Similarly, ER-low breast cancer, characterized by low estrogen receptor expression (in 1%-10 % invasive tumor cells), poses unique challenges due to its intermediate biological behavior and uncertain response to endocrine therapies. The identification of these subtypes is further complicated by inconsistencies in testing methodologies, which can lead to misclassification and impact treatment decisions. As our understanding of these subtypes improves, the need for standardized diagnostic approaches and individualized therapeutic decisions becomes increasingly urgent. Ongoing research and collaboration between pathologists and oncologists are essential for refining diagnostic criteria and improving outcomes for patients with breast cancers characterized by low expression of these theragnostic biomarkers. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on HER2-low and ER-low breast cancers, focusing on the challenges associated with their identification, the implications for treatment, and future directions in clinical management. By examining recent studies and interlaboratory assessments, this review emphasizes the critical need for accurate and reproducible testing and reporting, and for the development of tailored therapeutic strategies for these "low" expression cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.