Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39485650›Full record

ReviewCurrent topics in behavioral neurosciences2025

Biological Sex Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease.

Jawza A Almutairi, Emma J Kidd

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jawza A AlmutairiSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Emma J KiddSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. KiddEJ@cardiff.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a highly complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, with age being the most significant risk factor. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease doubles every 5 years after the age of 65. Consequently, one of the major challenges in Alzheimer's disease research is understanding how the brain changes with age. Gaining insights into these changes could help identify individuals who are more prone to developing Alzheimer's disease as they age. Over the past 25 years, studies on brain aging have examined thousands of human brains to explore the neuronal basis of age-related cognitive decline. However, most of these studies have focused on adults over 60, often neglecting the critical menopause transition period. During menopause, women experience a substantial decline in ovarian sex hormone production, with a decrease of about 90% in estrogen levels. Estrogen is known for its neuroprotective effects, and its significant loss during menopause affects various biological systems, including the brain. Importantly, despite known differences in dementia risk between sexes, the impact of biological sex and sex hormones on brain aging and the development of Alzheimer's disease remains underexplored.

Indexed as

AgingAlzheimer DiseaseBrainGonadal Steroid HormonesSex CharacteristicsFemaleHumansMaleMenopauseGonadal Steroid HormonesAlzheimer’s diseaseBiological sexBrain agingDisease developmentMenMenopauseReproductive sex hormonesRisk factorsSex disparitiesWomen

Identifiers

PMID39485650

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.