Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39485635›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2025

Factors associated with the development, severity, and resolution of post COVID-19 condition in adults living in Canada, January 2020 to August 2022.

Dianne Zakaria, Alain Demers, Nicholas Cheta, Samina Aziz, Peri Abdullah

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. How do fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, activity and role functioning, and mental health inter-relate in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome? A structural equation model analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dianne ZakariaCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. dianne.zakaria@phac-aspc.gc.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-8610-1248
Alain DemersCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Nicholas ChetaCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8600-9935
Samina AzizCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Peri AbdullahCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aimed to characterize the burden of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) among adults in Canada and identify factors associated with its occurrence, severity, and resolution.

methodsWe used self-report data from a population-based cross-sectional probability survey of adults in Canada conducted between April and August 2022. Incidence and prevalence of PCC were estimated using confirmed infections, as well as confirmed and suspected combined. Multivariable modeling using confirmed cases identified associated factors.

resultsAs of August 2022, 17.2% (95% CI 15.7, 18.8) of adults with confirmed infections and 16.7% (95% CI 15.5, 18.0) of adults with confirmed or suspected infections experienced PCC, translating to 3.3% (95% CI 3.0, 3.6) and 4.4% (95% CI 4.1, 4.8) of all adults, respectively. Age less than 65 years (aORs of 1.75 to 2.14), more pre-existing comorbidities (aORs of 1.75 to 3.57), and a more severe initial infection (aORs of 3.52 to 9.69) were all associated with higher odds of PCC, while male sex at birth (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.41, 0.70), identifying as Black (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.11, 0.51), and being infected after 2020 (aORs of 0.24 to 0.55) were associated with lower odds. Those residing in a rural area (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.35, 3.93), or reporting a disability (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.14, 7.25), pre-existing chronic lung condition (aOR = 5.47, 95% CI 1.85, 16.12) or back problem (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.26, 4.36), or PCC headache (aOR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.60, 3.83) or weakness (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.41, 3.68) had higher odds of greater limitations in daily activities, while males had lower odds (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.34, 0.85). Two or more pre-existing chronic conditions (aHRs from 0.33 to 0.38), or PCC symptoms relating to the heart (aHR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07, 0.90), brain fog (aHR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.23, 0.86), or stress/anxiety (aHR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24, 0.96) were associated with a decreased rate of symptom resolution.

conclusionOver the first two and a half years of the pandemic, a substantial proportion of infected adults in Canada reported PCC. Females and people with comorbidities were disproportionately impacted.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdolescentAdultAgedCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexYoung AdultCanadaCross-sectional surveyIncidenceLong COVIDMultivariable modelingPost COVID-19 conditionPrevalenceResolutionSARS-CoV-2SeveritySymptoms

Identifiers

PMID39485635
PMCPMC12075033

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.