ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2025
Effects of E-cigarettes on Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among Adults With Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine: Single Arm ERASER Pilot Trial.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Addressing tobacco use in the context of opioid use disorder: A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions.The American journal on addictions · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal associations between substance use problem severity and relative harm perceptions of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes: Results from the United States Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (2013-2023).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Estimating the likelihood of cigarette maintenance and dual use among people using e-cigarettes for cigarette cessation: Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 5 and 6.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPeople with opioid use disorder (OUD) on buprenorphine smoke at high rates and have low cessation rates, even with evidence-based medications. Electronic cigarettes (EC) are a promising harm reduction strategy for combusted cigarette (CC) smokers unable to quit. Unfortunately, people with OUD are underrepresented in EC research. AIMS AND
methodsA pilot study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of EC as a harm reduction tool among CC smokers with OUD on buprenorphine (N = 30). Participants were provided with an EC and freebase nicotine liquid (6 mg/mL) with a choice of flavor and a brief training session. Research visits were scheduled in person at baseline, week 4, and week 8 (follow-up). Daily diary assessments were completed during the 4-week EC period.
resultsMost visits (>74%) and 61.4% of daily diary assessments were completed. During the 4-week study period, 90% of participants used the EC at least one day, 66.7% used the EC for at least 16 days, and 43.3% used the EC every day. Significant reductions were observed between baseline and both weeks 4 and 8 in cigarettes smoked per day (CPDbaseline = 16.2[8.3], CPDweek4 = 9.6[9.3], CPDweek8 = 8.4[8.3]) carbon monoxide (CO) levels (CObaseline = 21.5[15.0], COweek4 = 16.9[9.6], COweek8 = 15.7[10.0]), and nicotine dependence measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTNDbaseline = 5.4[2.5], FTNDweek4 = 4.2[2.6], FTNDweek8 = 4.4[2.6]), with all p-values < .05.
conclusionsImplementing an EC protocol in outpatient maintenance treatment programs is feasible and acceptable. Preliminary results suggest that ECs may facilitate reductions in cigarettes per day, CO levels, and nicotine dependence. Future research should explore the effect of prolonged EC use on harm reduction and cessation milestones. IMPLICATIONS: EC are a potentially promising harm reduction strategy for adult CC smokers with OUD on buprenorphine who are unable to quit using evidence-based medications. However, previous studies have largely overlooked people with OUD on buprenorphine with recent drug use. This study addresses this gap through a pilot trial investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of EC on CC behavior. The brief and standardized nature of the protocol and its implementation in outpatient settings highlights its potential for widespread implementation in facilities providing care to people with OUD on buprenorphine.
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