ArticleDemographic research
How do environmental stressors influence migration? A meta-regression analysis of environmental migration literature.
Article in Demographic research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe amount of literature on environmental migration is increasing. However, existing studies exhibit contradictory results. A systematic synthesis of the environment-migration relationship is much needed.
objectiveThis study summarizes research findings, calculates the effect sizes of environmental stressors, identifies publication bias, and investigates heterogeneous environmental effects on migration.
methodsWe collected 3,380 estimates from 128 studies published between 2000 and 2020 to explore the environment-migration relationship and performed weighted instrumental variable regression to unveil the heterogeneous environmental effects on out- and net migration.
resultsThe majority of environmental stressors were not important predictors of out- and net migration. Among the results showing environmental impacts on migration, 58% and 68% reported that environmental stressors increased out- and net migration, respectively, while 58% reported that environmental stressors decreased in-migration. The overall environmental impact on migration was small; however, disaster-related stressors showed a medium effect, and rapid-onset stressors had a stronger impact than slow-onset ones. Multivariate meta-regression analyses demonstrated that environmental stressors were more likely to trigger internal migration than international migration and that developed countries were less likely to experience out-migration. Rapid-onset environmental stressors did not increase out-migration but played an important role in decreasing net migration toward environmentally stressed areas. Meanwhile, we also found a publication bias toward studies showing a positive relationship between environmental stressors and migration in the previous environmental migration literature.
conclusionsEnvironmental stressors may affect migration; however, the environmental effect depends on migration measurements, environmental stressors' forces and rapidity, and the context in which migration takes place. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to migration studies by synthesizing and validating the environment-migration relationship and enhancing our understanding of how and under what circumstances environmental stressors may affect migration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.