ArticleNeuroSci2024
Characterization of Anti-GAD65-Associated Neurological Syndromes: Clinical Features and Antibody Titers.
Article in NeuroSci, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Clinical spectrum, neuroimaging and therapeutic response to neurological syndromes associated with anti-GAD65].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Review
- Stiff-Person Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of a Rare Disease with Emphasis on Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Review
- Comorbidity Between Anti-GAD65 Autoimmune Encephalitis and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Clinical heterogeneity and immunotherapy outcomes in anti-GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Diagnostic challenge of GAD65-associated autoimmune encephalitis mimicking post-traumatic complications in an older adult: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Neural autoantibodies in psychiatric disorders are associated with antibodies against viral pathogens: a retrospective study of 619 patients.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
introductionAnti-GAD65 antibodies are associated with several neurological phenotypes. Antibody titers are increasingly recognized as useful in diagnosis and prognosis.
objectiveTo describe a Portuguese cohort of patients with anti-GAD65-associated neurological syndromes.
methodsRetrospective analysis of all patients with positive anti-GAD65 antibodies and associated neurological syndromes followed in a tertiary referral center.
resultsNineteen anti-GAD65 antibody-positive neurological patients were identified, 62.3% female, with a mean age of onset of 56.0 (SD = 13.3) years. Comorbid autoimmune disorders were present in seven patients. Six patients had limbic encephalitis (31.6%), four had epilepsy (21.1%), four had cerebellar ataxia (21.1%), and three had stiff-person syndrome (15.8%). Two patients presented with isolated cognitive dysfunction (executive and mnesic) in the absence of other neurological symptoms. The mean follow-up time was 24.0 (14.0-42.0) months, at the end of which the mean modified Rankin Scale (mRS) value was 2.0 (1.0-4.0). Screening for malignancies was negative in all patients. Serum quantitative analysis was carried out in 18 patients, 10 of whom showed titers above previously defined cut-off points (>10,000 IU/L for ELISA and >20 mmol/L for RIA). Quantitative CSF analysis was performed in nine patients, with four showing above-threshold titers. There was no association between anti-GAD65 levels and clinical phenotype or the final mRS values. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and oral prednisolone were the most common acute and chronic treatment regimens, respectively.
conclusionAnti-GAD65 antibodies are associated with varied neurological syndromes, and antibody titers alone should not be used to exclude a disease.
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