ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2024
The community food environment as an effect modifier of the relationship between racial discrimination and food insecurity among adults in Southern Brazil.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inequalities in access to food in Brazil: a scoping review with a racial and gender focus and policy recommendations.Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- [Social inequalities in food access: an assessment based on patterns of food purchase locations in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Ethnic-Racial Disparities in Food Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Inequities in Food Access and Availability.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Perception of the Food Environment and Food Security Levels of Residents of the City of Rio de Janeiro.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Editorial: Transforming food systems: addressing malnutrition and inequality in low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
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Abstract
backgroundRacial discrimination is linked to unhealthy food environments and a higher prevalence of food insecurity. However, no study has explored their interrelated effects. We analyzed the relationship between racial discrimination, community food environment, and food insecurity in adults of different socioeconomic status. We also investigated the potential modifying effect of the food environment on the relationship between racism and food insecurity.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 400 adults aged 20-70 years residing in the central area of Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul state. Race and racial discrimination were assessed by self-reported race/skin color using the Experiences of Discrimination scale (EOD), respectively. The food environment was assessed using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) tool. Food insecurity was assessed using the short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA for short, in Portuguese). Poisson regression with robust variance was employed for the multivariate analysis.
resultsThe prevalence of food insecurity was higher in areas with a poorer food environment (areas 1 and 3; 56.6% and 58.8%, respectively). Racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity, where every 1-point increase in the racial discrimination score increased the likelihood of food insecurity by 7% (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20). When stratifying the analyses by food environment, racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity only in areas with a poorer food environment (PR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10).
conclusionsExperiences of racial discrimination were associated with a higher prevalence of food insecurity in the study population. The community food environment was an effect modifier of this relationship, highlighting the relevance of interventions in the food environment focused on areas with a greater presence of Black people as a way of combating racism and food insecurity.
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