ArticleBMC palliative care2024
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Sinhala version of the spiritual needs assessment for patients (S-SNAP) questionnaire.
Article in BMC palliative care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spiritual needs and quality of life of cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Instruments for Assessing Spirituality in Patients with Chronic or Advanced Illnesses: A Systematic Review of the Last 15 Years.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cultural adaptation and validation of Turkish version of The Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (T-SNAP) scale in patients with cancer.BMC palliative care · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSpiritual support for patients and caregivers of critically ill patients is associated with improved quality of life. This aspect, however, is not incorporated into the current care pathways in Sri Lanka. The Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (SNAP) questionnaire, comprised of 3 domains: psychosocial, spiritual and religious, gives a platform for clinicians to assess the spiritual needs of those patients. This study presents the results of validation of the Sinhala version of the SNAP (S-SNAP) questionnaire.
methodsThe SNAP was translated from English to Sinhala using the standard forward and backward translation process. After verifying the content validity, unambiguity and clarity of items in a focused group discussion, and a pilot study, the pre-final version was tested among 267 volunteers with cancer selected from three state-run cancer care institutions. Data were analysed for internal consistency and item-total correlations. Factor analysis was done using Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization. A Scree plot was also made to determine the number of factors.
resultsThe mean (SD) age of subjects was 63.2 (11.4) years. The total S-SNAP score ranged from 22 to 88 (maximum 88). The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 while item-total correlations varied from 0.26 to 0.87. Total SNAP score showed inverse correlations with age, Charleson Comorbidity index and Barthel index while a positive correlation was seen with the Karnofsky performance status scale (p < 0.05). Kaiser-Meyer-Olkein value of 0.92 (P = < 0.001) for Bartlett's test indicated adequate sampling and non-linearity of factors. The scree plot showed a four-factor structure explaining 76% variation. Meaning of life and relationship with a supernatural being and religious rituals are loaded as 2 different factors. Worries, fears and forgiveness are grouped as the third factor while relaxation, coping and sharing feelings are loaded separately.
conclusionsThe S-SNAP is a reliable and valid tool to assess spiritual suffering among patients with cancers conversant in the Sinhala language.
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