Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39482575›Full record

ReviewThe journal of headache and pain2024

Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 - migraine.

Alberto Raggi, Matilde Leonardi, Marco Arruda, Valeria Caponnetto, Matteo Castaldo, Gianluca Coppola, Adriana Della Pietra, Xiangning Fan, David Garcia-Azorin, Parisa Gazerani and 30 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
145citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

145 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Cost-efficacy evaluation of a mindfulness-based program added to treatment as usual for the treatment of chronic migraine associated to medication overuse headache.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Alberto RaggiNeurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy. alberto.raggi@istituto-besta.it.
Matilde LeonardiNeurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy.
Marco ArrudaDepartment of Neuroscience, Glia Institute, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Valeria CaponnettoDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Matteo CastaldoDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, CNAP, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark.
Gianluca CoppolaDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino ICOT, Latina, Italy.
Adriana Della PietraDept. Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Xiangning FanDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
David Garcia-AzorinDepartment of Medicine, Toxicology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Parisa GazeraniDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, CNAP, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark.
Lou GrangeonNeurology Department, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France.
Licia GrazziNeuroalgology Unit and Headache Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
Fu-Jung HsiaoBrain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Keiko IharaDepartment of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Alejandro Labastida-RamirezDivision of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Kristin Sophie LangeDepartment of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Marco LisickiInstituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Alessia MarcassoliNeurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133, Italy.
Danilo Antonio MontisanoNeuroalgology Unit and Headache Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
Dilara OnanDepartment of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
Agnese OnofriDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Lanfranco PellesiDepartment of Public Health Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Mario PeresHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
Igor PetrušićLaboratory for Advanced Analysis of Neuroimages, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Bianca RaffaelliDepartment of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Eloisa Rubio-BeltranHeadache Group, Wolfson SPaRC, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Andreas StraubeDepartment of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Sebastian StraubeDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Tsubasa TakizawaDepartment of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Claudio TanaCenter of Excellence On Headache and Geriatrics Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
Michela TinelliCare Policy Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
Massimiliano ValerianiSystems Medicine Department, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Simone VigneriNeurology and Neurophysiology Service - Pain Medicine Unit, Santa Maria Maddalena Hospital, Occhiobello, Italy.
Doga VuralliDepartment of Neurology and Algology, Neuropsychiatry Center, Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Marta Waliszewska-ProsółDivision of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Wei WangDepartment of Neurology, Headache Center, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Yonggang WangBeijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
William Wells-GatnikUnitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Tissa WijeratneDepartment of Neurology, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
Paolo MartellettiUnitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimMigraine is a common disabling conditions which, globally, affects 15.2% of the population. It is the second cause of health loss in terms of years lived with disability, the first among women. Despite being so common, it is poorly recognised and too often undertreated. Specialty centres and neurologists with specific expertise on headache disorders have the knowledge to provide specific care: however, those who do not regularly treat patients with migraine will benefit from a synopsis on the most relevant and updated information about this condition. This paper presents a comprehensive view on the hallmarks of migraine, from genetics and diagnostic markers, up to treatments and societal impact, and reports the elements that identify migraine specific features. MAIN

resultsThe most relevant hallmark of migraine is that it has common and individual features together. Besides the known clinical manifestations, migraine presentation is heterogeneous with regard to frequency of attacks, presence of aura, response to therapy, associated comorbidities or other symptoms, which likely reflect migraine heterogeneous genetic and molecular basis. The amount of therapies for acute and for prophylactic treatment is really wide, and one of the difficulties is with finding the best treatment for the single patient. In addition to this, patients carry out different daily life activities, and might show lifestyle habits which are not entirely adequate to manage migraine day by day. Education will be more and more important as a strategy of brain health promotion, because this will enable reducing the amount of subjects needing specialty care, thus leaving it to those who require it in reason of refractory condition or presence of comorbidities.

conclusionsRecognizing the hallmarks of migraine and the features of single patients enables prescribing specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Medical research on headaches today particularly suffers from the syndrome of single-disease approach, but it is important to have a cross-sectional and joint vision with other close specialties, in order to treat our patients with a comprehensive approach that a heterogeneous condition like migraine requires.

Indexed as

Migraine DisordersHumansAuraCalcitonin gene-related peptideCGRPDitansGepantsMedication overuse headacheMigraineProductivity lossTriptans

Identifiers

PMID39482575
PMCPMC11529271

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.