Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39481686›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2025

Seasonal mood variation in youth and young adults with bipolar spectrum disorder: A longitudinal prospective analysis.

Xavier Estrada-Prat, Soledad Romero, Roger Borras, John Merranko, Tina Goldstein, Danella Hafeman, Heather Hower, Shirley Yen, Jeffrey Hunt, Benjamin Goldstein and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Could seasonal patterns in ECT use impact service delivery? A nationwide study.International journal of mental health systems · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Xavier Estrada-PratChild and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
Soledad RomeroDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, SGR01319, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: sromero@clinic.cat.
Roger BorrasDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, SGR01319, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
John MerrankoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Tina GoldsteinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Danella HafemanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Heather HowerDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Shirley YenAcademic Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jeffrey HuntDivision of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
Benjamin GoldsteinCentre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Neal RyanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rasim DilerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Michael StroberDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
MaryKay GillDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Boris BirmaherDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Funding

Course and Outcome of Bipolar Disorder in Youth - SupplementR01MH059929 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BIRMAHER, BORIS, PHILLIPS, MARY LOUISE · 2000 to 2021
$15.9M
Course and Outcome for Bipolar Disorder in Youth (COBY)R01MH059691 · NIMH · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI KELLER, MARTIN B, YEN, SHIRLEY · 2000 to 2015
$7.9M
Course and Outcome for Bipolar Disorder in YouthR01MH059977 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI STROBER, MICHAEL A · 2000 to 2010
$3.7M
1/2 Predicting Adult Outcomes in Bipolar Youth (PROBY)R01MH112544 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BIRMAHER, BORIS · 2018 to 2022
$2.5M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059691NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059929NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059977NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH112544
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether there are latitude and seasonal differences in the prevalence of mood episodes (depression and mania) in youth and young adults with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BD).

methodsMood polarity was prospectively evaluated in 413 participants with BD. Participants were enrolled in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study at three sites (University of California Los Angeles-UCLA, Brown University, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-UPMC) and interviewed on average every 7 months for an average of 91.9 months (range: 6-228 months), with a total of 274,123 weekly mood ratings. Associations between light exposure and mood polarity were estimated using generalized linear mixed models with time-varying covariates, considering the latitude and seasonality of the study sites and other potential confounders.

resultsAverage age at intake and at last assessment was 12.6 ± 3.3 and 27.2 ± 4.8 years-old, respectively. There were significantly more depressive episodes during winter than during summer, spring, and autumn. Considering latitude, UCLA showed significantly lower prevalence of depressive episodes, and an absence of seasonal pattern of depression, compared to the Brown/UPMC sites. For the entire sample, there were more manic/hypomanic episodes during summer than during winter. However, there were no significant between site seasonal differences in the prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes.

conclusionsDepressive episodes are more prevalent during the winter and although less significant, manic/hypomanic episodes during the summer. Awareness and interventions to prevent or ameliorate the effects of seasonal variations in mood changes in BD are warranted.

Indexed as

AffectBipolar DisorderSeasonsAdolescentAdultChildDepressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleManiaPrevalenceProspective StudiesYoung AdultBipolar disorderChild and adolescentMood polaritySeasonal variation

Identifiers

PMID39481686
PMCPMC13324871

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.