Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39481381›Full record

ArticleCell2024

Viroid-like colonists of human microbiomes.

Ivan N Zheludev, Robert C Edgar, Maria Jose Lopez-Galiano, Marcos de la Peña, Artem Babaian, Ami S Bhatt, Andrew Z Fire

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The history and function of a circular RNA.Nature communications · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Discovery of Viroids and Viroid-Like RNAs in Plants.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Gut virome dynamics: from commensal to critical player in health and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review
  10. Exploring the role of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. The Viruses ofViruses · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Logan: Planetary-Scale Genome Assembly Surveys Life's Diversity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ivan N ZheludevStanford University, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: zheludev@stanford.edu.
Robert C EdgarIndependent researcher, Corte Madera, CA, USA.
Maria Jose Lopez-GalianoInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
Marcos de la PeñaInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
Artem BabaianUniversity of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ami S BhattStanford University, Department of Genetics, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford, CA, USA.
Andrew Z FireStanford University, Department of Genetics, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: afire@stanford.edu.

Funding

Cellular Response to Genetic ChangeR35GM130366 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREW Z. FIRE · 2019 to 2026
$4.8M
Culture-free pathogen tracking in hospitalized patientsR01AI143757 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BHATT, AMI SIDDHARTH · 2020 to 2023
$3.0M
Emerging novel mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the prevalent foodborne pathogen, SalmonellaR01AI148623 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BHATT, AMI SIDDHARTH · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI143757NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148623NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM130366
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here, we describe "obelisks," a class of heritable RNA elements sharing several properties: (1) apparently circular RNA ∼1 kb genome assemblies, (2) predicted rod-like genome-wide secondary structures, and (3) open reading frames encoding a novel "Oblin" protein superfamily. A subset of obelisks includes a variant hammerhead self-cleaving ribozyme. Obelisks form their own phylogenetic group without detectable similarity to known biological agents. Surveying globally, we identified 29,959 distinct obelisks (clustered at 90% sequence identity) from diverse ecological niches. Obelisks are prevalent in human microbiomes, with detection in ∼7% (29/440) and ∼50% (17/32) of queried stool and oral metatranscriptomes, respectively. We establish Streptococcus sanguinis as a cellular host of a specific obelisk and find that this obelisk's maintenance is not essential for bacterial growth. Our observations identify obelisks as a class of diverse RNAs of yet-to-be-determined impact that have colonized and gone unnoticed in human and global microbiomes.

Indexed as

MicrobiotaPhylogenyFecesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansOpen Reading FramesRNA, CatalyticRNA, CircularRNA, CatalyticRNA, Circularhepatitis delta virushuman microbiomeRNA metaviromicsviroid

Identifiers

PMID39481381
PMCPMC11949080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.