ArticleCell2024
Ovarian cancer-derived IL-4 promotes immunotherapy resistance.
Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unraveling the role of M2 TAMs in ovarian cancer dynamics: a systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: their development, composition, clinical prognosis, and the drivers of the anti-tumor responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- High-Content CRISPR Screening: Methods and Applications.MedComm · 2026Review
- Collaborative functionality between three types of inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in Gynecologic Cancers: Current Evidence, Biomarker-Driven Practice, and Future Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Spatial omics illuminates tumor heterogeneity.Cell reports methods · 2026Review
- Spatial ecotype in tumor immune exclusion: from spatial architecture to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Discovery and Development of a TGFβ3/IL-13 Plasma Risk Score for Preoperative Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Adnexal Masses.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multi-omics identification of SPON1-related risk model for predicting prognosis and drug response in ovarian cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Activating an interleukin 4-FLT3-STAT6 axis in multipotent progenitors restores lymphopoiesis in inflammation and aging.Immunity · 2026Article
- Adaptive resistance in cancer immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Identification of macrophage-enriched genes in ovarian cancer by single-cell RNA sequencing and establishment of a prognosis model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances in immunotherapies in ovarian cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Inhibition of salt-inducible kinases reprograms T cells and antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- De Novo Design and Directed Evolution Refinement of Mirror-Image Protein Binders Targeting Interleukin-4.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Rethinking ovarian cancer III: the past decade and future directions.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is resistant to immunotherapy, and this is influenced by the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME) dominated by macrophages. Resistance is also affected by intratumoral heterogeneity, whose development is poorly understood. To identify regulators of ovarian cancer immunity, we employed a spatial functional genomics screen (Perturb-map), focused on receptor/ligands hypothesized to be involved in tumor-macrophage communication. Perturb-map recapitulated tumor heterogeneity and revealed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes resistance to anti-PD-1. We find ovarian cancer cells are the key source of IL-4, which directs the formation of an immunosuppressive TME via macrophage control. IL-4 loss was not compensated by nearby IL-4-expressing clones, revealing short-range regulation of TME composition dictating tumor evolution. Our studies show heterogeneous TMEs can emerge from localized altered expression of cancer-derived cytokines/chemokines that establish immune-rich and immune-excluded neighborhoods, which drive clone selection and immunotherapy resistance. They also demonstrate the potential of targeting IL-4 signaling to enhance ovarian cancer response to immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.