ArticleJournal of athletic training2025
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Predictor of Prolonged Functional Recovery From Sports-Related Concussion in High School Athletes.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Recovery from Sport-Related Concussion in Athletes with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2026Review
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8 authors.
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Abstract
contextAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been speculated to prolong concussion recovery; however, the evidence regarding concussion recovery for individuals with ADHD is limited.
objectiveTo examine the concussion recovery time based on ADHD status, sex, and age.
designCross-sectional study.
settingHigh school. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsNine hundred and thirty-five (female: n = 382, 40.1%) concussions, including 78 (female: n = 13, 20.0%) self-identified ADHD data, were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A Poisson regression was used to estimate the return-to-learn and return-to-sport recovery outcomes with 3 predicting variables: ADHD status, sex, and age.
resultsThe mean return-to-learn days of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were 12.86 ± 10.89 (median = 11.0; interquartile range [IQR] = 8.0; 7.0-15.25) and 1.43 ± 8.39 (median = 9.0; IQR = 9.0; 6.0-14.0), respectively. The mean return-to-sport days of the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were 20.82 ± 15.25 days (median = 17.0; IQR = 9.0; 12.0-21.0) and 18.03 ± 11.42 days (median = 15.0; IQR = 10.0; 11.0-21.0), respectively. For return-to-learn, ADHD status (risk ratio [RR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.08, 1.24; P < .001) and female sex (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.17; P < .001) were significant variables for longer recovery, whereas age was not (RR = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01; P = .056). For return to sport, ADHD status (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.23; P < .001), female sex (RR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11; P < .001), and younger age (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99; P < .001) were all significant variables for longer recovery.
conclusionsHealth care providers must be aware of the elevated risk of prolonged concussion recovery among high school athletes with ADHD.
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