Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39480423›Full record

ArticleJAMA network open2024

Mortality, Criminal Sanctions, and Court Diversion in People With Psychosis.

Erin Spike, Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, Tony Butler, Julian Trollor, Jocelyn Jones, Kyllie Cripps, Grant Sara, Luke Grant, Stephen Allnutt, David Greenberg and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Erin SpikeThe Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Preeyaporn SrasuebkulThe National Centre for Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Tony ButlerSchool of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Julian TrollorThe National Centre for Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jocelyn JonesNational Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Kyllie CrippsMonash Indigenous Studies Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Grant SaraSchool of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Luke GrantCorrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Stephen AllnuttSchool of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
David GreenbergSchool of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Peter W SchofieldDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Armita AdilySchool of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nabila Zohora ChowdhurySchool of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Azar KariminiaThe Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: People living with psychosis experience excess premature mortality and are overrepresented in criminal legal systems, but little is known about mortality associated with criminal sanctions or diversion in this population. Objective: To examine associations of different types of recent (past 2 years) criminal sanction, including court diversion, with mortality among people with psychosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based, retrospective, data-linkage cohort study was conducted using 6 routinely collected administrative data collections from New South Wales, Australia, relating to health, court proceedings, imprisonment, and mortality. Participants (adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized for psychotic disorders) entered observation at the time of discharge from their first psychosis-related hospital admission (or their 18th birthday if aged <18 years) between July 2001 and November 2017 and were followed-up until May 2019. Data were analyzed between February 2023 and April 2024. Exposures: Recent (past 2 years) criminal sanction type, a time-varying variable with 5 categories: no recent criminal sanction, recent mental health court diversion, recent community sanction, current imprisonment, and recent prior imprisonment (ie, recent prison release). Main Outcomes and Measures: Causes of death were described, and age- and sex-specific mortality rates by recent criminal sanction type were calculated. In those younger than 65 years, Cox regression was used to examine associations of all-cause and external-cause mortality with recent criminal sanction type, adjusting for sociodemographic, health-related, and offense-related confounders. Results: The cohort included 83 071 persons (35 791 female [43.1%]; 21 208 aged 25-34 years [25.5%]; median [IQR] follow-up, 9.5 [4.8-14.2] years), of whom 25 824 (31.1%) received a criminal sanction. There were 11 355 deaths. In those aged younger than 65 years, recent mental health court diversion, community sanctions, and prior imprisonment were associated with increased hazards of all-cause and external-cause mortality compared with no recent sanction, with the largest adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) observed for recent prior imprisonment (all-cause mortality: aHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.50-1.91; external-cause mortality: aHR, 2.64; 95% CI, 2.27-3.06). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of people with psychosis, recent criminal sanctions were associated with increased mortality irrespective of sanction type. These findings suggest that future research should develop strategies to improve health and safety in people with psychosis who have criminal legal system contact.

Indexed as

Psychotic DisordersAdolescentAdultAgedCause of DeathCriminal LawFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNew South WalesRetrospective StudiesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39480423
PMCPMC11528309

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.