ReviewPhysiological reviews2025
Axon initial segment structure and function in health and disease.
Review in Physiological reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Intrinsic electrical diversity of PViScience · 2026Article
- Compensatory rearrangement of parvalbumin interneuron voltage-gated sodium channel subunits in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Robust activity-dependent mitochondrial calcium dynamics at the AIS is dispensable for action potential generation.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Axonopathy: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Dynamics of excitability in axonal trees.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Functional implications of atypical action potential generation in the (patho)physiological brain: from developmental program to glioma.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Article
- Volume electron microscopy in axon regeneration research: insights into mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane contacts.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Article
- Salidroside derivative SHPL-49 enhances synaptic remodeling in BCCAO rats via the CDK5/p35/p25 signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Purkinje cell-specific loss of Neurofascin and Ankyrin G causes disruption of axon initial segments, neurodegeneration, and cerebellar ataxia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Lithium restores inhibitory function and neuronal excitability through GSK-3β inhibition in a bipolar disorder-associated Ank3 variant mouse model.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Loss of ANK3 Function Causes a Recessive Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Cerebellar Ataxia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Cytoskeletal scaffolding of NaCurrent opinion in cell biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Neuromyotonia and CASPR2 Antibodies: Electrophysiological Clues to Disease Pathophysiology.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Systemic Neurodegeneration and Brain Aging: Multi-Omics Disintegration, Proteostatic Collapse, and Network Failure Across the CNS.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Evaluating TRIM46's Role in Axon Initial Segment Formation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Differential roles of NaeLife · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
At the simplest level, neurons are structured to integrate synaptic input and perform computational transforms on that input, converting it into an action potential (AP) code. This process, converting synaptic input into AP output, typically occurs in a specialized region of the axon termed the axon initial segment (AIS). The AIS, as its name implies, is often contained to the first section of axon abutted to the soma and is home to a dizzying array of ion channels, attendant scaffolding proteins, intracellular organelles, extracellular proteins, and, in some cases, synapses. The AIS serves multiple roles as the final arbiter for determining if inputs are sufficient to evoke APs, as a gatekeeper that physically separates the somatodendritic domain from the axon proper, and as a regulator of overall neuronal excitability, dynamically tuning its size to best suit the needs of parent neurons. These complex roles have received considerable attention from experimentalists and theoreticians alike. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the AIS and its role in neuronal integration and polarity in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.