ReviewESC heart failure2025
A Delphi consensus project to capture experts' opinion on hyperkalaemia management across the cardiorenal spectrum.
Review in ESC heart failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A Delphi consensus project to capture experts' opinion on hyperkalaemia management across the cardiorenal spectrum.ESC heart failure · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The main purpose of this project was to capture experts' opinion on hyperkalaemia management and form best practice recommendations for cardiorenal patients in Greece. A steering committee of nephrologists and cardiologists developed 37 statements. An online questionnaire completed by 32 experts in cardiorenal management in Greece. Median score used to determine the level of agreement and disagreement index (DI) used to determine the level of consensus for each statement. Statements divided in four sectors: hyperkalaemia risk management, preventative measures, treatment and collaboration between specialties. The rate of the first round of the consensus was 94.6%. Median score was >7 for 36 of 37 statements and DI ≤ 1 for 35 of 37. Among other statements, consensus reached for recognizing levels K+ > 5.0 mEq/L as associated with elevated mortality risk; retaining renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) on maximum recommended dose for cardiorenal patients; and using novel K+ binders to help enabling guideline-recommended doses of RAASi therapy. Cardiologists compared to nephrologists showed higher reluctance to discontinue down-titrate RAASi and MRA in patients with K+ levels above 5 mEq/L. Additionally, 88.9% of nephrologists and 71.4% of cardiologists agreed that cross-specialty alignment on a serum K+ concentration level (K > 5.5 mEq/L) is needed to initiate hyperkalaemia treatment. Both cardiologists and nephrologists showed disagreement with the statement on keeping titration in cardiorenal patients with K+ > 5.5 mEq/L or preserving fruit and vegetable consumption when moderate or severe hyperkalaemia exhibits. This Delphi project pointed out nephrologists' and cardiologists' agreement on hyperkalaemia management in cardiorenal patients; thus, it can help a cross-specialty optimal management of cardiorenal patients, with hyperkalaemia not being an obstacle for disease-optimizing therapy. Novel potassium binding agents can enable guideline-recommended doses of potassium-sparing medication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.