ReviewFrontiers in aging2024
The 3 I's of immunity and aging: immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience.
Review in Frontiers in aging, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy versus placebo with or without chemotherapy in elderly people with localised non-small cell lung cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Cellular senescence in acute human infectious disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in aging · 2024Pooled it
- Immunofitness in the elderly: The role of vaccination in promoting healthy aging.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Gero-Immunology: The critical role of aging when defining immune phenotypes.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Why Some People Live Past 100: The Role of the Immune System in Centenarians, Semi-Supercentenarians and Supercentenarians.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Patient stratification in exercise oncology: matching exercise modalities to immune phenotypes to optimize immunotherapy response.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026Review
- Prmt6 Deficiency Drives Osteoblast Senescence Promoting Age-Related Osteoporosis via Epigenetic Remodelling of the H3R2me2a/Sting/Ifitm3 Pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The Gut-Immune-Brain Axis in Aging: Integrating Immunosenescence, Inflammaging, and Neuroinflammation for Precision Medicine.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- How age and sex interaction is associated with immune aging with implications for vaccines and age-related autoimmunity.npj aging · 2026Review
- Beyond Bone Health: Exploring the "Heart-Brain-Bone" Axis Modulated by Lipid-Soluble Nutrients (Omega-3, Vitamin D3, and Vitamin K2).Nutrients · 2026Review
- Association Between Immunosuppressive Cell Populations and Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Younger and Older Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- The Inflammaging-Redox-InflammamiR Axis in Metabolic Aging: From Diagnostic Clusters to Integrated Risk Phenotypes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Longitudinal humoral and memory B-cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in long-term care facilities residents.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of Inflammaging and Cellular Senescence in Musculoskeletal (MSK) Diseases: The Knowns and the Unknowns.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Age but not sex modifies lymphoid immune responses in murine sepsis.Research square · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Depression: From Biomarkers to Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As we age, our immune system's ability to effectively respond to pathogens declines, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This age-related deterioration affects both innate and adaptive immunity, compromising immune function and leading to chronic inflammation that accelerates aging. Immunosenescence is characterized by alterations in immune cell populations and impaired functionality, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections, diminished vaccine efficacy, and higher prevalence of age-related diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation further exacerbates these issues, contributing to a decline in overall health and resilience. This review delves into the characteristics of immunosenescence and examines the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to immune aging and how the hallmarks of aging and cell fates can play a crucial role in this process. Additionally, it discusses the impact of sex, age, social determinants, and gut microbiota health on immune aging, illustrating the complex interplay of these factors in altering immune function. Furthermore, the concept of immune resilience is explored, focusing on the metrics for assessing immune health and identifying strategies to enhance immune function. These strategies include lifestyle interventions such as diet, regular physical activity, stress management, and the use of gerotherapeutics and other approaches. Understanding and mitigating the effects of immunosenescence are crucial for developing interventions that support robust immune responses in aged individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.