ArticleScientific reports2024
Handheld multiphoton and pinhole-free reflectance confocal microscopy enables noninvasive, real-time cross-sectional imaging in skin.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Noninvasive Multimodal Imaging and Its Role in Diagnosing Skin Lesions in Dermatology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Label-free human skin imaging with enhanced molecular contrast via time-resolved fluorescence and advanced phasor analysis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The Role of Stromal Tumor Environment in Advancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.International journal of dermatology · 2025Review
- AI-assisted identification of nonmelanoma skin cancer structures based on combined line-field confocal optical coherence tomography and confocal Raman microspectroscopy.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- Motion-tolerant 3D volumetric multimodality microscopy imaging of human skin with subcellular resolution and extended field-of-view.Communications biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
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Abstract
Biopsy-based histology has been the foundation of disease diagnosis and management for over a century. A long-sought goal in dermatology is the development of an imaging modality with sufficient resolution and compositional detail to noninvasively interrogate skin histology in vivo. Here, we describe a system that achieves this goal using cross-sectionally scanned, multimodal microscopy (cross-modal). Cross-modal combines multiphoton and reflectance confocal microscopy into one compact system with coordinated three-axis scanning that preserves optical resolution in cross-section. A custom pinhole-free mechanism employing finite-infinite conjugates further simplifies and stabilizes confocal alignment. Evaluated in participants ages 9-81 and Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) 1-5, cross-modal images revealed histological details analogous to those obtained from traditional biopsied tissue. We observed dermal elastosis in sun-damaged skin, elevated melanin in pigmented skin, basaloid nests in basal cell carcinoma, and elongated rete ridges in seborrheic keratosis, supporting cross-modal's potential to deliver histological insights noninvasively.
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Registered trials
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