Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39477881›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2025

Characterising impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and associated risks through HypoA-Q: findings from a T1D Exchange cohort.

Yu Kuei Lin, Wen Ye, Emily Hepworth, Annika Agni, Austin M Matus, Anneliese J Flatt, James A M Shaw, Michael R Rickels, Stephanie A Amiel, Jane Speight

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  10. Predictors of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yu Kuei LinDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. yuklin@med.umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1988-7046
Wen YeDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5802-189X
Emily HepworthDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8126-8718
Annika AgniDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-9560
Austin M MatusDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-2524
Anneliese J FlattDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-5136
James A M ShawTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Michael R RickelsDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9253-838X
Stephanie A AmielDepartment of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Jane SpeightSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-6896

Funding

Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR)UL1TR002240 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LUMENG, JULIE C, MASHOUR, GEORGE ALEXANDER · 2017 to 2022
$54.9M
Regional Pilot And Feasibility Study Grants ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Mehboob A Hussain · 2013 to 2026
$24.3M
Research BaseP30DK092926 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MARY ELLEN MICHELE HEISLER, ADESUWA B OLOMU · 2011 to 2026
$10.0M
Restoring awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetesU01DK135120 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Michael R Rickels · 2022 to 2026
$2.5M
Minimizing Hypoglycemia in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes through an Integrated Mobile Health and Continuous Glucose Monitoring SystemK23DK129724 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LIN, YU KUEI · 2021 to 2025
$984k
Screening for Inhibitors Targeting the Menin-MLL Interaction in MLL Related LeukemiasZIATR000240 · NCATS · NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES · PI SOUTHALL, NOEL · 2015 to 2015
$114k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002240NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR00240NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK129724NIDDK NIH HHS K23DK129724NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092926NIDDK NIH HHS P30DK092926NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK135120NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK135120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisWe aimed to: (1) externally validate the five-item Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire (HypoA-Q) impaired awareness subscale (HypoA-Q IA); (2) examine how impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) relates to the risk of severe hypoglycaemia and level 2 hypoglycaemia; and (3) identify factors associated with IAH.

methodsNationwide survey of T1D Exchange registrants was conducted to collect data on demographics, 6 month severe-hypoglycaemia history, hypoglycaemia awareness status (via HypoA-Q IA, the Gold instrument and the Clarke instrument) and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) measures. The Clarke hypoglycaemia awareness factor (Clarke-HAF) was calculated to exclude severe-hypoglycaemia history items. Analyses included Cronbach's α, Spearman correlations and logistic regression.

resultsValid survey responses were collected from N=1580 adults with type 1 diabetes (median age, 44 years; 52% female participants; median HbA CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationThe HypoA-Q IA is a brief, valid and reliable tool for assessing IAH in today's technology-oriented era. IAH was independently associated with severe hypoglycaemia and level 2 hypoglycaemia in a cohort with high prevalence of advanced diabetes technology use and HbA

Indexed as

AwarenessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HypoglycemiaAdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringCohort StudiesFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinContinuous glucose monitorsHypoA-QHypoglycaemiaImpaired awareness of hypoglycaemiaType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39477881
PMCPMC11837905

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.